Data as of Nov 7, 2026
103.108.231.0/24
6 anonymizer addresses · 2.3% · VPN55 residential-proxy exits · 30 daysHost Universal Pty Ltd · space held by FlowVPS
Residential-proxy exits
Proxy exits
55
21% of its addresses · 30 days
Providers
43
selling exits here
Oct 8, 2026 – Nov 6, 2026
Exits seen per day
10K observations
Proxy providers listing exits
- 711Proxy
- Ake.net
- B2Proxy
- BirdProxies
- BottingTools
- Byteful
- CatProxies
- Decodo
- EZProxies
- EnigmaProxy
- FastProxy
- FlashProxy
- FloppyData
- GloryCloud
- GoProxies
- IPFly
- IPPeak
- KindProxy
- Kookey
- LudaxProxy
- MagneticProxy
- Maskify
- MoMoProxy
- NovaProxy
- Novada
- Oxylabs
- PrivateProxy
- Proxiware
- ProxyEmpire
- ProxyRack
- ProxyWing
- PuraRoute
- RainProxy
- RapidProxy
- RoamProxy
- SwiftProxy
- TalorData
- Thordata
- ThunderProxy
- TrueProxies
- VantageProxies
- VitalExclusive
- ZENPROXY_LITE
IPv4 market
Path
1 · Holder
2 · Leased from
not leased
Operators, sellers and brokers
VPN services
| Name | Parent | In 103.108.231.0/24 | /24s |
|---|---|---|---|
| Proton VPN | Proton AG | 41.6% | 1 |
| Mullvad VPN | Mullvad VPN AB | 20.78% | 1 |
Lineage
How this block came to its use, oldest first. The whole IPv4 market →
103.108.231.0/24
From the registry to its use
- Mar 21, 2019– Apr 13, 2019AnnouncedAS137441 Techrep Services PTY LTD
- Sep 5, 2019– Nov 15, 2019AnnouncedAS137441 Techrep Services PTY LTD
- May 14, 2020– Feb 25, 2021
- Oct 31, 2022– today
- todayRegistry recordFlowVPSALLOCATED PORTABLE103.108.228.0/22
- todayAssignedHost Universal Pty LtdASSIGNED NON-PORTABLE103.108.231.0/24
- todayRoute objectAS136557 Host Universal Pty LtdAPNIC route object for AS136557 Host Universal Pty Ltd, maintainer MAINT-HOSTUNIVERSAL-AU
- todayUsedProton VPNVPN
- todayUsedMullvad VPNVPN
Registrations in this block
The registry's network records over the announcement: those covering it, widest first, then every record inside it, under its parent.
| Range | Addresses | Netname | Holder | Type | Created | Abuse contact |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 103.108.228.0/22 | 1,024 | ALPHALAYER-AU | FlowVPS (ORG-ALPL1-AP) · AU | ALLOCATED PORTABLE | — | admin@ |
| └ 103.108.231.0/24 | 256 | HOSTUNIVERSAL | Host Universal Pty Ltd | ASSIGNED NON-PORTABLE | — | abuse@ |
Composition
The types across the prefix's announced space, by addresses.
Announced space
Address share
Announced space
Types across the prefix
256 addresses
| Type | Addresses | Share | Ranges | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hosting | 250 | 98% | 7 | |
| VPNanonymizer | 6 | 2.3% | 6 |
Network & registry
IPv4 market
Holder
- Organization
- FlowVPS
- Handle
- ORG-ALPL1-AP
- Range
- 103.
108. 228. 0/ 22 - Registration type
- ALLOCATED PORTABLE
Origin network
AS136557
AU
- Name
- Host Universal Pty Ltd
- Type
- Hosting
- Registered
- May 10, 2017
- Domain
- hostuniversal.com.au
- Website
- www.hostuniversal.com.au
- Spamhaus ASN-DROP
- not listed
- VPN servers
- 173
Routing timeline
Who has announced this prefix
Summary
Routing history
- Pattern
- Stable
- First seen
- Mar 2019
- Current origin since
- Oct 2022 · 4.0 yr
- Origin networks
- 2
- Last change of origin
- May 2020
Recorded history
History
- Handoffs
- 1
Whois
Registration for this announcement
- Range
- 103.
108. 231. 0/ 24 - Netname
- HOSTUNIVERSAL
- Registrant
- Host Universal Pty Ltd
- Registrant country
- AU
- Organization
- Host Universal Pty Ltd
- Org country
- AU
- Type
- ASSIGNED NON-PORTABLE
- Created
- Not stated by the registry
- Updated
- Jul 11, 2021
- Maintainer
- MAINT-HOSTUNIVERSAL-AU
- RIR
- APNIC
- Country
- AU
- Delegated
- Feb 7, 2018
- Status
- assigned
Report abuse
Abuse contact
- abuse@
hostuniversal. com. au - Name
- ABUSE HOSTAU1
- Handle
- AH1325-AP