Data as of Nov 8, 2026
109.169.0.0/18
1 anonymizer address · <0.01% · Tor exit25 residential-proxy exits · 30 daysIomart Cloud Services Limited · space held by Iomart Managed Services Limited
Residential-proxy exits
Proxy exits
25
0.15% of its addresses · 30 days
Always-on exits
3
12% of its exits
Spread
9 of 64
/24s with at least one exit
Providers
51
selling exits here
Oct 9, 2026 – Nov 7, 2026
Exits seen per day
5.0K observations
- Tor exit · anonymizer
- Hosting
/24s with the most always-on exits
| /24 | Always-on exits | Proxy exits | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 109.169.23.0/24 | 2 | 3 | |
| 109.169.55.0/24 | 1 | 2 | |
| 109.169.21.0/24 | 0 | 7 | |
| 109.169.15.0/24 | 0 | 5 | |
| 109.169.52.0/24 | 0 | 4 | |
| 109.169.14.0/24 | 0 | 1 | |
| 109.169.22.0/24 | 0 | 1 | |
| 109.169.25.0/24 | 0 | 1 | |
| 109.169.33.0/24 | 0 | 1 |
Proxy providers listing exits
- 711Proxy
- Ake.net
- AnyIP
- B2Proxy
- BirdProxies
- BottingTools
- ByteProxies
- Byteful
- CliProxy
- DataImpulse
- Decodo
- EZProxies
- Evomi
- FastProxy
- FlashProxy
- FloppyData
- GSocks
- Geonix
- Geonode
- GloryCloud
- GonzoProxy
- HideProxy
- IPFly
- IPMUSK
- IPPeak
- IPRoyal
- Infatica
- KindProxy
- Kookey
- LemonBright
- LudaxProxy
- Maskify
- MoMoProxy
- NodeProxy
- NovaProxy
- Novada
- Oxylabs
- Proxy-Seller
- ProxyEmpire
- ProxyRack
- ProxyWing
- Proxyma
- PuraRoute
- RainProxy
- RapidProxy
- SwiftProxy
- TalorData
- Thordata
- ThunderProxy
- VantageProxies
- WealthProxies
IPv4 market
Path
2 · Leased from
not leased
Operators, sellers and brokers
Tor
| Name | Parent | In 109.169.0.0/18 | /24s |
|---|---|---|---|
| Tor | The Tor Project | 1<0.01% | 1 |
Lineage
How this block came to its use, oldest first. The whole IPv4 market →
109.169.0.0/18
From the registry to its use
- Feb 8, 2010– Apr 22, 2011AnnouncedAS29131 Iomart Cloud Services Limited
- Feb 11, 2010Registry recordIomart Managed Services LimitedALLOCATED PA109.169.0.0 - 109.169.95.255
- Aug 2, 2010Route objectAS25653 FortressITXALTDB route object for AS25653 FortressITX, maintainer MAINT-AS25653109.169.62.0/23
- Apr 29, 2011Route objectAS20860 Iomart Cloud Services LimitedRIPE route object for AS20860 Iomart Cloud Services Limited, maintainer GB10488-RIPE-MNT RAPIDSWITCH-MNT
- May 1, 2011– today
- todayUsedTorTor
Announcements
More specific
Announcements inside
| Prefix | Origin | Type | Holder | RPKI |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 109.169.63.0/24 since May 2018 | AS25108 | Hosting | Iomart Managed Services Limited |
Registrations in this block
The registry's network records over the announcement: those covering it, widest first, then every record inside it, under its parent.
| Range | Addresses | Netname | Holder | Type | Created | Abuse contact |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 109. | 24,576 | UK-RAPIDSWITCH-20091102 | Iomart Managed Services Limited (ORG-RL20-RIPE) · GB | ALLOCATED PA | Feb 11, 2010 | abuse@ |
| └ 109.169.0.160/27 | 32 | DC5_ | Tangent 90 Ltd | ASSIGNED PA | Jul 30, 2019 | technical@ |
| └ 109.169.0.192/26 | 64 | webxsolutions_ | WebxSolutions Ltd | ASSIGNED PA | Mar 23, 2015 | abuse@ via UK-RAPIDSWITCH-20091102 |
| └ 109.169.1.0/28 | 16 | UAPEER_ | UAPEER Hosting Solutions Ltd (ORG-UHS2-RIPE) | ASSIGNED PA | Apr 19, 2017 | abuse@ |
| └ 109.169.1.16/28 | 16 | Mosaic | Mosaic Software Ltd | ASSIGNED PA | Jan 31, 2019 | admin@ |
| └ 109.169.1.32/27 | 32 | UptimeSolutions_ | Uptime Solutions Ltd | ASSIGNED PA | Nov 19, 2009 | abuse@ via UK-RAPIDSWITCH-20091102 |
| └ 109.169.2.32/27 | 32 | DC5_ | Glo-Networks limited | ASSIGNED PA | Feb 13, 2020 | abuse@ |
| └ 109.169.2.64/27 | 32 | Nomad_ | Nomand Digital Ltd | ASSIGNED PA | Jun 12, 2017 | abuse@ via UK-RAPIDSWITCH-20091102 |
| └ 109.169.2.112/28 | 16 | Caternet_ | Caternet LTD (ORG-CL398-RIPE) | ASSIGNED PA | Apr 6, 2017 | live@ |
| └ 109.169.3.0/25 | 128 | CONNEXIONPLUS_ | Connexion Plus | ASSIGNED PA | Apr 19, 2013 | abuse@ via UK-RAPIDSWITCH-20091102 |
| └ 109.169.3.128/26 | 64 | W4_ | W4 Systems Ltd | ASSIGNED PA | May 26, 2020 | abuse@ |
| └ 109.169.3.192/26 | 64 | Digi-products | Digi-products | ASSIGNED PA | Mar 23, 2015 | abuse@ via UK-RAPIDSWITCH-20091102 |
| └ 109.169.4.32/27 | 32 | PINGPERFECT_ | Pingperfect Ltd (ORG-PL338-RIPE) | ASSIGNED PA | Jan 23, 2017 | abuse@ |
| └ 109.169.4.128/25 | 128 | PanbetLimited | Panbet Limited (ORG-PL340-RIPE) | ASSIGNED PA | Sep 25, 2018 | abuse@ |
| └ 109.169.5.0/27 | 32 | CVlibrary_ | CV-library Ltd | ASSIGNED PA | Dec 15, 2009 | abuse@ via UK-RAPIDSWITCH-20091102 |
| └ 109.169.5.32/28 | 16 | DC5_ | OmniaMed Communications Ltd | ASSIGNED PA | Apr 27, 2020 | support@ |
| └ 109.169.5.48/29 | 8 | JustApplicationsLTD_ | Just Applications LTD | ASSIGNED PA | Feb 13, 2014 | abuse@ via UK-RAPIDSWITCH-20091102 |
| └ 109.169.5.80/28 | 16 | HostYourNet | HostYourNet | ASSIGNED PA | Mar 18, 2016 | abuse@ via UK-RAPIDSWITCH-20091102 |
| └ 109.169.5.96/28 | 16 | DC4_ | T Shirt & Sons Ltd | ASSIGNED PA | Jul 17, 2019 | it@ |
| └ 109.169.5.248/29 | 8 | EvolvingNetworksLimited | Evolving Networks Limited | ASSIGNED PA | Dec 5, 2016 | abuse@ via UK-RAPIDSWITCH-20091102 |
| └ 109.169.6.0/27 | 32 | CONNEXIONPLUS_ | Connexion Plus | ASSIGNED PA | Mar 30, 2010 | abuse@ via UK-RAPIDSWITCH-20091102 |
| └ 109.169.6.32/27 | 32 | EvolvingNetworksLimited | Evolving Networks Limited | ASSIGNED PA | Aug 22, 2019 | abuse@ via UK-RAPIDSWITCH-20091102 |
| └ 109.169.6.64/26 | 64 | TandyUKServers_ | TandyUK Servers (ORG-TS413-RIPE) | ASSIGNED PA | Mar 30, 2010 | abuse@ |
| └ 109.169.7.24/30 | 4 | Plan_ | Plan Communications Limited | ASSIGNED PA | Aug 2, 2017 | abuse@ via UK-RAPIDSWITCH-20091102 |
| └ 109.169.7.40/29 | 8 | Tetila-Group | Tetila Group (ORG-TG151-RIPE) | ASSIGNED PA | Jun 16, 2017 | tetilaGroup@ |
| └ 109.169.7.48/28 | 16 | LogicForge_ | LogicForge Limited (ORG-LL326-RIPE) | ASSIGNED PA | Jun 14, 2017 | abuse@ |
| └ 109.169.7.64/28 | 16 | Funtech | Funtech Global Communications Ltd (ORG-FGCL1-RIPE) | ASSIGNED PA | Nov 1, 2017 | info@ |
| └ 109.169.7.96/28 | 16 | Betcity | Betcity Network N.V. (ORG-BNN2-RIPE) | ASSIGNED PA | Oct 5, 2017 | betcitynv@ |
| └ 109.169.7.112/28 | 16 | Betcity | Betcity Network N.V. (ORG-BNN2-RIPE) | ASSIGNED PA | Oct 5, 2017 | betcitynv@ |
| └ 109.169.7.128/26 | 64 | Max_ | Max Markus | ASSIGNED PA | Nov 26, 2018 | admin@ |
| └ 109.169.7.192/29 | 8 | IsotomaLimited | Isotoma Limited | ASSIGNED PA | Apr 29, 2015 | abuse@ via UK-RAPIDSWITCH-20091102 |
| └ 109.169.8.0/23 | 512 | IomartHosting_ | Iomart Hosting Limited | ASSIGNED PA | Dec 16, 2009 | abuse@ via UK-RAPIDSWITCH-20091102 |
| └ 109.169.10.16/28 | 16 | Rapidswitch_ | Rapidswitch | ASSIGNED PA | Jan 16, 2014 | abuse@ via UK-RAPIDSWITCH-20091102 |
| └ 109.169.10.64/27 | 32 | Rapidswitch_ | Rapidswitch Ltd | ASSIGNED PA | Dec 10, 2013 | abuse@ via UK-RAPIDSWITCH-20091102 |
| └ 109.169.10.96/28 | 16 | HostYourNet | HostYourNet (ORG-HA529-RIPE) | ASSIGNED PA | Nov 23, 2018 | abuse@ |
| └ 109.169.10.128/27 | 32 | Complete_ | Complete Computer Solutions (Derby) Ltd (ORG-CCSL14-RIPE) | ASSIGNED PA | Sep 14, 2012 | abuse@ |
| └ 109.169.10.160/27 | 32 | DC5 | Hostworld | ASSIGNED PA | Aug 12, 2021 | abusereports-RS@ |
| └ 109.169.10.192/27 | 32 | SafeGate_ | Leon International Limited (ORG-LIL18-RIPE) | ASSIGNED PA | Jan 25, 2022 | admin@ |
| └ 109. | 31 | Plan_ | Plan Communications Limited | ASSIGNED PA | Aug 2, 2017 | abuse@ via UK-RAPIDSWITCH-20091102 |
| └ 109.169.11.224/27 | 32 | DefendedSolutionsLtd | Defended Solutions Ltd (ORG-BH67-RIPE) | ASSIGNED PA | May 9, 2019 | abuse@ |
| └ 109.169.12.8/29 | 8 | JVSolutionsLtd | JV Solutions Ltd | ASSIGNED PA | Jul 13, 2016 | abuse@ via UK-RAPIDSWITCH-20091102 |
| └ 109.169.12.64/26 | 64 | SoftsysHostingUSA | Softsys Hosting USA | ASSIGNED PA | Aug 17, 2016 | abuse@ |
| └ 109.169.13.64/26 | 64 | HornbillTechnologiesLtd_ | Hornbill Technologies Ltd | ASSIGNED PA | Sep 17, 2012 | abuse@ via UK-RAPIDSWITCH-20091102 |
| └ 109.169.14.0/24 | 256 | DC5_ | Iomart Managed Services Limited (ORG-RL20-RIPE) · GB | ASSIGNED PA | Apr 5, 2019 | abuse@ |
| └ 109.169.17.0/25 | 128 | Privax_ | Privax | ASSIGNED PA | Apr 22, 2013 | abuse@ via UK-RAPIDSWITCH-20091102 |
| └ 109.169.17.152/29 | 8 | NOMAD_ | Nomad Telecom Inc (ORG-NTI10-RIPE) | ASSIGNED PA | Mar 12, 2019 | support@ |
| └ 109.169.18.0/24 | 256 | Rapidswitch_ | Rapidswitch | ASSIGNED PA | Apr 23, 2012 | abuse@ via UK-RAPIDSWITCH-20091102 |
| └ 109.169.19.0/24 | 256 | Rapidswitch | Rapidswitch | ASSIGNED PA | Dec 30, 2014 | abuse@ via UK-RAPIDSWITCH-20091102 |
| └ 109.169.20.0/24 | 256 | Gamehosting-1 | Gamehosting.co.uk | ASSIGNED PA | Feb 9, 2010 | abuse@ via UK-RAPIDSWITCH-20091102 |
| └ 109.169.21.16/28 | 16 | Edoru_ | Edoru Ltd (ORG-EL313-RIPE) | ASSIGNED PA | May 23, 2018 | info@ |
| └ 109.169.21.96/27 | 32 | CONNEXIONPLUS_ | Connexion Plus | ASSIGNED PA | Feb 26, 2010 | abuse@ via UK-RAPIDSWITCH-20091102 |
| └ 109.169.21.128/26 | 64 | StivaSoft_ | StivaSoft Ltd | ASSIGNED PA | Jan 8, 2019 | abuse@ |
| └ 109.169.22.0/24 | 256 | RapidswitchLtd | Rapidswitch | ASSIGNED PA | Oct 17, 2014 | abuse@ via UK-RAPIDSWITCH-20091102 |
| └ 109.169.24.128/25 | 128 | CONNEXIONPLUS_ | Connexion Plus | ASSIGNED PA | Mar 8, 2010 | abuse@ via UK-RAPIDSWITCH-20091102 |
| └ 109.169.25.0/26 | 64 | DC5-ACI | LA5 Digital LTD | ASSIGNED PA | Jun 4, 2024 | abuse@ |
| └ 109.169.25.64/27 | 32 | CONNEXIONPLUS_ | Connexion Plus | ASSIGNED PA | Mar 8, 2010 | abuse@ via UK-RAPIDSWITCH-20091102 |
| └ 109.169.25.96/28 | 16 | HamlinITSolutions | Hamlin IT Solutions Limited | ASSIGNED PA | Sep 9, 2010 | abuse@ via UK-RAPIDSWITCH-20091102 |
| └ 109.169.25.128/25 | 128 | Marketing_ | Marketing Source 1 | ASSIGNED PA | Mar 12, 2010 | abuse@ via UK-RAPIDSWITCH-20091102 |
| └ 109.169.26.0/24 | 256 | Rapidswitch_ | Rapidswitch Ltd | ASSIGNED PA | Mar 9, 2010 | abuse@ via UK-RAPIDSWITCH-20091102 |
| └ 109.169.27.0/24 | 256 | Rapidswitch_ | Rapidswitch Ltd | ASSIGNED PA | Mar 9, 2010 | abuse@ via UK-RAPIDSWITCH-20091102 |
| └ 109.169.28.0/24 | 256 | Rapidswitch_ | Rapidswitch Ltd | ASSIGNED PA | Mar 9, 2010 | abuse@ via UK-RAPIDSWITCH-20091102 |
| └ 109.169.29.0/24 | 256 | Rapidswitch_ | Rapidswitch Ltd | ASSIGNED PA | Mar 9, 2010 | abuse@ via UK-RAPIDSWITCH-20091102 |
| └ 109.169.30.0/25 | 128 | THE | Eseye Limited | ASSIGNED PA | Dec 18, 2019 | networksupport@ |
| └ 109.169.30.128/25 | 128 | CONNEXIONPLUS_ | Connexion Plus | ASSIGNED PA | Mar 15, 2010 | abuse@ via UK-RAPIDSWITCH-20091102 |
| └ 109.169.31.0/28 | 16 | DarrenScales_ | Darren Scales | ASSIGNED PA | Nov 27, 2012 | abuse@ via UK-RAPIDSWITCH-20091102 |
| └ 109.169.32.192/27 | 32 | TheInformationLabLtd | The Information Lab (ORG-TIL19-RIPE) | ASSIGNED PA | Mar 8, 2018 | admin@ |
| └ 109.169.33.0/25 | 128 | CONNEXIONPLUS_ | Connexion Plus | ASSIGNED PA | Mar 22, 2010 | abuse@ via UK-RAPIDSWITCH-20091102 |
| └ 109.169.33.128/27 | 32 | DC5_ | Signal Telecom | ASSIGNED PA | Mar 9, 2020 | itsupport@ |
| └ 109.169.33.160/28 | 16 | Hands | Hands.com Ltd | ASSIGNED PA | Dec 9, 2011 | abuse@ via UK-RAPIDSWITCH-20091102 |
| └ 109.169.34.0/26 | 64 | Privax_ | Privax Ltd | ASSIGNED PA | May 30, 2019 | abuse@ via UK-RAPIDSWITCH-20091102 |
| └ 109.169.34.64/26 | 64 | DC5-ACI | LA5 Digital LTD | ASSIGNED PA | Feb 15, 2024 | abuse@ |
| └ 109.169.34.128/28 | 16 | JoomlaWiredLtd_ | Joomla Wired Ltd | ASSIGNED PA | Apr 1, 2014 | abuse@ via UK-RAPIDSWITCH-20091102 |
| └ 109.169.35.64/27 | 32 | RetalIndustriesLimited_ | Retal Industries Limited | ASSIGNED PA | Dec 13, 2013 | abuse@ via UK-RAPIDSWITCH-20091102 |
| └ 109.169.35.224/27 | 32 | Dualtone_ | Dualtone Communications Ltd | ASSIGNED PA | May 31, 2018 | abuse@ via UK-RAPIDSWITCH-20091102 |
| └ 109.169.36.0/25 | 128 | OlorinHenderson | Cloud Unboxed Limited | ASSIGNED PA | Nov 24, 2011 | abuse@ |
| └ 109.169.36.128/27 | 32 | CreeperHost | CreeperHost Ltd (ORG-CL386-RIPE) | ASSIGNED PA | Jul 24, 2018 | abuse@ |
| └ 109.169.39.128/27 | 32 | LogicDesignConsultancyLtd | Logic Design & Consultancy Ltd. (ORG-LDCL1-RIPE) | ASSIGNED PA | Nov 27, 2015 | abuse@ |
| └ 109.169.42.48/28 | 16 | EvolvingNetworksLimited | Evolving Networks Limited | ASSIGNED PA | Feb 20, 2019 | abuse@ via UK-RAPIDSWITCH-20091102 |
| └ 109.169.42.64/27 | 32 | Pingperfect | Pingperfect Ltd (ORG-PL338-RIPE) | ASSIGNED PA | Nov 25, 2015 | abuse@ |
| └ 109.169.42.128/25 | 128 | CONNEXIONPLUS_ | Connexion Plus | ASSIGNED PA | Jun 11, 2010 | abuse@ via UK-RAPIDSWITCH-20091102 |
| └ 109.169.44.0/24 | 256 | Mike_ | DATAHOST (ORG-DA864-RIPE) | ASSIGNED PA | May 17, 2012 | support@ |
| └ 109.169.45.16/28 | 16 | FLIGHT-DATA-SERVICES | Flight Data Services Limited | ASSIGNED PA | Oct 25, 2017 | abuse@ via UK-RAPIDSWITCH-20091102 |
| └ 109.169.45.32/27 | 32 | DC5 | Hostworld | ASSIGNED PA | Aug 12, 2021 | abusereports-RS@ |
| └ 109.169.45.192/27 | 32 | StivaSoft_ | StivaSoft Ltd | ASSIGNED PA | Oct 4, 2016 | abuse@ |
| └ 109.169.46.0/24 | 256 | RapidswitchLtd | Rapidswitch | ASSIGNED PA | Oct 17, 2014 | abuse@ via UK-RAPIDSWITCH-20091102 |
| └ 109.169.47.0/24 | 256 | Rapidswitch_ | Rapidswitch | ASSIGNED PA | Jun 18, 2010 | abuse@ via UK-RAPIDSWITCH-20091102 |
| └ 109.169.48.0/24 | 256 | Rapidswitch_ | Rapidswitch | ASSIGNED PA | Jun 18, 2010 | abuse@ via UK-RAPIDSWITCH-20091102 |
| └ 109.169.49.0/24 | 256 | Rapidswitch_ | Rapidswitch | ASSIGNED PA | Jun 18, 2010 | abuse@ via UK-RAPIDSWITCH-20091102 |
| └ 109.169.50.0/24 | 256 | Rapidswitch_ | Rapidswitch | ASSIGNED PA | Jun 18, 2010 | abuse@ via UK-RAPIDSWITCH-20091102 |
| └ 109.169.52.0/28 | 16 | Force36_ | Force36 Limited | ASSIGNED PA | Aug 1, 2012 | abuse@ via UK-RAPIDSWITCH-20091102 |
| └ 109.169.52.160/27 | 32 | BrightOfficeLtd | BrightOffice Ltd (ORG-BL314-RIPE) | ASSIGNED PA | May 1, 2015 | abuse@ |
| └ 109.169.53.0/24 | 256 | Rapidswitch_ | RS Fabric Zone | ASSIGNED PA | Oct 19, 2016 | abuse@ via UK-RAPIDSWITCH-20091102 |
| └ 109.169.54.0/24 | 256 | Rapidswitch_ | RS Zone E | ASSIGNED PA | Jan 24, 2014 | abuse@ via UK-RAPIDSWITCH-20091102 |
| └ 109.169.56.0/24 | 256 | Rapidswitch | Rapidswitch | ASSIGNED PA | Mar 27, 2014 | abuse@ via UK-RAPIDSWITCH-20091102 |
| └ 109.169.58.0/24 | 256 | VentureNodeLLC_ | Venture Node LLC | ASSIGNED PA | Jan 29, 2014 | abuse@ via UK-RAPIDSWITCH-20091102 |
| └ 109.169.61.0/24 | 256 | Rapidswitch | Rapidswitch | ASSIGNED PA | Dec 30, 2014 | abuse@ via UK-RAPIDSWITCH-20091102 |
| └ 109.169.63.0/24 | 256 | DediserveTokyo | Dediserve (ORG-DA927-RIPE) · JP | ASSIGNED PA | Jun 13, 2018 | abuse@ |
A contact marked “via” is the registry's: the record names none of its own, so the registry hands down its parent's.
Composition
The types across the prefix's announced space, by addresses.
Announced space
Address share
Announced space
Types across the prefix
16,384 addresses
| Type | Addresses | Share | Ranges | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hosting | 16,383 | >99% | 3 | |
| Tor exitanonymizer | 1 | <0.01% | 1 |
Network & registry
Origin network
AS20860
GB
- Name
- Iomart Cloud Services Limited
- Type
- Hosting
- Registered
- Jun 20, 2001
- Domain
- iomart.com
- Website
- www.iomart.com
- Industry
- Hosting and Cloud Provider
- Spamhaus ASN-DROP
- not listed
- VPN servers
- 8
- Tor exits
- 2
Routing timeline
Who has announced this prefix
Summary
Routing history
- Pattern
- Stable
- First seen
- Feb 2010
- Current origin since
- May 2011 · 16 yr
- Origin networks
- 2
- Last change of origin
- May 2011
Recorded history
History
- Handoffs
- 1
IRR
Route objects on the exact prefix
| Origin | Registry | Description | Maintainer | Modified |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| AS20860 | RIPE | Iomart Hosting Ltd | GB10488-RIPE-MNT RAPIDSWITCH-MNT | Apr 29, 2011 |
IRR inside
Route objects inside
| Prefix | Origin | Registry | Description | Maintainer | Modified |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 109.169.62.0/23 | AS25653 | ALTDB | FITX customer route | MAINT-AS25653 | Aug 2, 2010 |
Whois
Registration for this announcement
- Range
- 109.
169. 0. 0 - 109. 169. 95. 255 - Netname
- UK-RAPIDSWITCH-20091102
- Registrant
- Iomart Managed Services Limited
- Registrant country
- GB
- Organization
- Iomart Managed Services Limited (ORG-RL20-RIPE)
- Org country
- GB
- Type
- ALLOCATED PA
- Created
- Feb 11, 2010
- Updated
- Mar 24, 2017
- Maintainer
- RIPE-NCC-HM-MNT
- RIR
- RIPE NCC
- Country
- GB
- Delegated
- Nov 2, 2009
- Status
- assigned
Report abuse
Abuse contact
- abuse@
rapidswitch. com - Name
- Abuse Robot
- Handle
- AR12896-RIPE