212.164.28.0/23

Residential-proxy exits

Proxy exits

512

100% of its addresses · 30 days

Always-on exits

129

25% of its exits

Spread

2 of 2

/24s with at least one exit

Providers

68

selling exits here

Oct 8, 2026 – Nov 6, 2026

Exits seen per day

277K observations

VPN · anonymizer
Residential

/24s with the most always-on exits

/24	Always-on exits	Proxy exits
212.164.29.0/24	66	256
212.164.28.0/24	63	256

Proxy providers listing exits

2Captcha
711Proxy
9Proxy
Ake.net
AnyIP
B2Proxy
BestProxy
BirdProxies
BottingTools
BuyingProxy
ByteProxies
Byteful
CatProxies
CliProxy
CoreProxy
DataImpulse
Decodo
EnigmaProxy
Evomi
FlashProxy
FloppyData
Geonode
GloryCloud
GonzoProxy
IPFly
IPOasis
IPPeak
IPRoyal
Infatica
InfiniteProxies
KindProxy
Kookey
LemonBright
LightningProxies
MangoProxy
MarsProxies
Maskify
NSocks
NodeMaven
NovaProxy
Novada
Oxylabs
PSBProxy
PacketStream
PrivateProxy
Proxies.fo
Proxiware
Proxy-Cheap
Proxy-Seller
Proxy4U
ProxyEmpire
ProxyHat
ProxyRack
ProxyWing
Proxying
Proxyma
RapidProxy
Shifter
Smartproxy
StrikeProxy
SwiftProxy
TalorData
Thordata
ThunderProxy
VibeProxies
VitalExclusive
VitalProxy
Webshare

IPv4 market

Path

1 · Holder

PJSC Rostelecom

record created Feb 28, 2002

2 · Leased from

not leased

3 · Announced by

AS12389 PJSC Rostelecom

since Oct 2025 · 13 mo ago

4 · Use

VPN servicesnamed VPN Gate

Residential

Operators, sellers and brokers

VPN services

Name	Parent	In 212.164.28.0/23	/24s
VPN Gate	University of Tsukuba	10.20%	1

Lineage

How this block came to its use, oldest first. The whole IPv4 market →

212.164.28.0/23

From the registry to its use

Feb 28, 2002
Registry record
PJSC Rostelecom
ALLOCATED PA
212.164.0.0/16
May 9, 2005– Dec 22, 2010
Announced
AS8691
as part of 212.164.0.0/16
212.164.0.0/16
Oct 26, 2010
Assigned
OJSC "Sibirtelecom"
ASSIGNED PA
212.164.15.0 - 212.164.35.255
Jan 1, 2011– Jun 27, 2016
Announced
AS41440 PJSC Rostelecom
as part of 212.164.0.0/16
212.164.0.0/16
Aug 15, 2016– today
Announced
AS12389 PJSC Rostelecom
as part of 212.164.0.0/16
212.164.0.0/16
Oct 15, 2025– today
Announced
AS12389 PJSC Rostelecom
Internet provider
today
Used
VPN Gate
VPN

Announcements

Less specific

Covering announcements

Prefix	Origin	Type	Proxy exits	Holder	RPKI
212.164.0.0/16 since Aug 2016	AS12389	Residential	7,666 2,090 always on	PJSC Rostelecom

More specific

Announcements inside

Prefix	Origin	Type	Anonymizer addresses	Operator	Proxy exits	Holder	RPKI
212.164.28.0/24 since Oct 2025	AS12389	Residential			256 63 always on	PJSC Rostelecom
212.164.29.0/24 since Oct 2025	AS12389	Residential	10.39%VPN	VPN servicesoperated by VPN Gate	256 66 always on	PJSC Rostelecom

Registrations in this block

The registry's network records over the announcement: those covering it, widest first, then every record inside it, under its parent.

Range	Addresses	Netname	Holder	Type	Created	Abuse contact
212.164.0.0/16	65,536	RU-RTK-19981215	PJSC Rostelecom (ORG-JR8-RIPE) · RU	ALLOCATED PA	Feb 28, 2002	abuse@rt.ru
└ 212.164.15.0 - 212.164.35.255	5,376	WEBSTREAM	OJSC "Sibirtelecom"	ASSIGNED PA	Oct 26, 2010	abuse@rt.ru via RU-RTK-19981215

A contact marked “via” is the registry's: the record names none of its own, so the registry hands down its parent's.

Composition

The types across the prefix's announced space, by addresses.

Announced space

Address share

Announced space

Types across the prefix

512 addresses

Type	Addresses	Share	Ranges
Residential	511	>99%	3
VPNanonymizer	1	0.20%	1

Network & registry

Announcement Routing history RPKI & IRR Whois & abuse

IPv4 market

Holder

Holder in the market →

Organization: PJSC Rostelecom
Handle: ORG-JR8-RIPE
Range: 212.164.0.0/16
Registration type: ALLOCATED PA
Record created: Feb 28, 2002

Origin network

AS12389

RU

Name: PJSC Rostelecom
Type: Internet provider
Registered: Jul 1, 2005
Domain: rt.ru
Website: www.company.rt.ru/en/
Industry: Internet Service Provider (ISP)
Spamhaus ASN-DROP: not listed

ROA prefix	ASN	Max len	Anchor	Verdict
212.164.24.0/21	AS12389	/21	RIPE	Too specific
212.164.0.0/16	AS12389	/24	RIPE	RPKI valid