Data as of Nov 10, 2026
5.63.64.0/18
2,649 residential-proxy exits · 30 daysJSC Kazakhtelecom
Residential-proxy exits
Proxy exits
2,649
16% of its addresses · 30 days
Always-on exits
44
1.7% of its exits
Spread
61 of 64
/24s with at least one exit
Providers
117
selling exits here
Oct 11, 2026 – Nov 9, 2026
Exits seen per day
201K observations
- Residential
- Mobile
- Business
/24s with the most always-on exits
| /24 | Always-on exits | Proxy exits | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 5.63.126.0/24 | 4 | 58 | |
| 5.63.112.0/24 | 4 | 9 | |
| 5.63.127.0/24 | 3 | 57 | |
| 5.63.104.0/24 | 3 | 56 | |
| 5.63.107.0/24 | 3 | 15 | |
| 5.63.109.0/24 | 2 | 74 | |
| 5.63.122.0/24 | 2 | 55 | |
| 5.63.120.0/24 | 2 | 52 | |
| 5.63.123.0/24 | 2 | 44 | |
| 5.63.65.0/24 | 2 | 6 | |
| 5.63.74.0/24 | 1 | 106 | |
| 5.63.75.0/24 | 1 | 100 | |
| 5.63.93.0/24 | 1 | 99 | |
| 5.63.92.0/24 | 1 | 80 | |
| 5.63.82.0/24 | 1 | 80 | |
| 5.63.97.0/24 | 1 | 75 | |
| 5.63.81.0/24 | 1 | 74 | |
| 5.63.125.0/24 | 1 | 65 | |
| 5.63.124.0/24 | 1 | 64 | |
| 5.63.102.0/24 | 1 | 28 | |
| 5.63.64.0/24 | 1 | 12 | |
| 5.63.103.0/24 | 1 | 10 | |
| 5.63.111.0/24 | 1 | 7 | |
| 5.63.106.0/24 | 1 | 7 |
Proxy providers listing exits
- 2Captcha
- 711Proxy
- 911Proxy
- 9Proxy
- ASHBURNPROXIES
- Ake.net
- AnyIP
- B2Proxy
- BartProxies
- BestProxy
- BirdProxies
- BlurPath
- BottingTools
- BuyingProxy
- ByteProxies
- Byteful
- CatProxies
- CliProxy
- DataImpulse
- Datarama
- Decodo
- EVOPROXY
- EZProxies
- EnigmaProxy
- Evomi
- FLEETPROXY
- FastProxy
- FlashProxy
- GSocks
- Geonix
- Geonode
- GhostConnect
- GloryCloud
- GoProxies
- GonzoProxy
- HPROXY
- HideProxy
- HydraProxy
- IPCola
- IPFly
- IPMUSK
- IPOasis
- IPPeak
- IPRoyal
- Infatica
- InfiniteProxies
- KindProxy
- KocerRoxy
- Kookey
- LUMIPROXY
- LemonBright
- LemonLabs
- LemonPrime
- LightningProxies
- LudaxProxy
- MagneticProxy
- MangoProxy
- Maskify
- MoMoProxy
- NSocks
- NextProxy
- NiuProxy
- NodeMaven
- NodeProxy
- NovProxy
- NovaProxy
- Novada
- Oxylabs
- PROXYON
- PROXYSCRAPE
- PROXYWING_BASIC
- PSBProxy
- PacketStream
- PrivateByte
- PrivateProxy
- Proxies.fo
- ProxiesVision
- Proxio
- Proxiware
- Proxmint
- Proxy-Cheap
- Proxy-Seller
- Proxy4U
- ProxyEmpire
- ProxyGeo
- ProxyHat
- ProxyRack
- ProxyWing
- Proxying
- Proxyma
- PuraRoute
- Q2IP
- QUANTICDATA
- RH7Proxy
- RainProxy
- RapidProxy
- ResiProxies
- RoamProxy
- RolaProxy
- SPYDERPROXY_BASIC
- SPYDERPROXY_PREMIUM
- Shifter
- Smartproxy
- StrikeProxy
- SwiftProxy
- TalorData
- Thordata
- ThunderProxy
- TrueProxies
- VantageProxies
- VibeProxies
- VitalData
- VitalExclusive
- VitalProxy
- YumiProxy
- ZENPROXY_LITE
- ZENPROXY_PREMIUM
Announcements
Nesting
More-specifics by size
Sized by addresses, colored by each announcement's type. Click a tile with children to zoom in, a leaf to open it.
More specific
Announcements inside
| Prefix | Origin | Type | Proxy exits | Holder | RPKI |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 5.63.72.0/22 since Nov 2016 | AS9198 | Residential | 413 2 always on | JSC Kazakhtelecom | |
| 5.63.80.0/21 since Aug 2016 | AS9198 | Residential | 651 2 always on | JSC Kazakhtelecom | |
| 5.63.92.0/22 since Aug 2016 | AS9198 | Residential | 333 2 always on | JSC Kazakhtelecom | |
| 5.63.96.0/22 since Sep 2017 | AS9198 | Residential | 245 1 always on | JSC Kazakhtelecom | |
| 5.63.108.0/23 since Sep 27, 2026 | AS9198 | Residential | 136 2 always on | JSC Kazakhtelecom | |
| 5.63.112.0/20 since Sep 2016 | AS9198 | Residential | 581 19 always on | JSC Kazakhtelecom | |
| 5.63.116.0/24 since Aug 2022 | AS9198 | Residential | 43 | JSC Kazakhtelecom | |
| 5.63.117.0/24 since Aug 2022 | AS9198 | Residential | 62 | JSC Kazakhtelecom | |
| 5.63.119.0/24 since Sep 2016 | AS9198 | Residential | JSC Kazakhtelecom | ||
| 5.63.120.0/22 since Sep 2016 | AS9198 | Residential | 195 6 always on | JSC Kazakhtelecom | |
| 5.63.124.0/22 since Sep 2016 | AS9198 | Residential | 244 9 always on | JSC Kazakhtelecom |
Registrations in this block
The registry's network records over the announcement: those covering it, widest first, then every record inside it, under its parent.
| Range | Addresses | Netname | Holder | Type | Created | Abuse contact |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 5.63.64.0/18 | 16,384 | KZ-KAZAKTELECOM-20120612 | JSC Kazakhtelecom (ORG-KDNA1-RIPE) · KZ | ALLOCATED PA | Jun 12, 2012 | abuse@ |
| └ 5.63.88.104/30 | 4 | KGUOBRAZTARA | unknown | ASSIGNED PA | Apr 6, 2026 | abuse@ via KZ-KAZAKTELECOM-20120612 |
| └ 5.63.88.108/30 | 4 | KGUOBRAZTARA | unknown | ASSIGNED PA | Apr 6, 2026 | abuse@ via KZ-KAZAKTELECOM-20120612 |
| └ 5.63.88.112/30 | 4 | KGKPKulaSelHozColl | KGKPKulaSelHozColl | ASSIGNED PA | Mar 13, 2023 | abuse@ via KZ-KAZAKTELECOM-20120612 |
| └ 5.63.88.116/30 | 4 | KultYazikKord | Taraz | ASSIGNED PA | Aug 6, 2024 | abuse@ via KZ-KAZAKTELECOM-20120612 |
| └ 5.63.88.120/30 | 4 | SelOkrugAktobe | SelOkrugAktobe | ASSIGNED PA | Feb 21, 2014 | abuse@ via KZ-KAZAKTELECOM-20120612 |
| └ 5.63.88.124/30 | 4 | SPARETRADE | Taraz | ASSIGNED PA | Jun 21, 2024 | abuse@ via KZ-KAZAKTELECOM-20120612 |
| └ 5.63.88.128/30 | 4 | Kirichenko | Kirichenko | ASSIGNED PA | Oct 1, 2013 | abuse@ via KZ-KAZAKTELECOM-20120612 |
| └ 5.63.88.132/30 | 4 | OTDFIN | OTDFIN | ASSIGNED PA | Oct 3, 2013 | abuse@ via KZ-KAZAKTELECOM-20120612 |
| └ 5.63.88.136/30 | 4 | AGENTDELRELIG | AGENTDELRELIG | ASSIGNED PA | Oct 3, 2013 | abuse@ via KZ-KAZAKTELECOM-20120612 |
| └ 5.63.88.140/30 | 4 | OtdObrazBayzak | OtdObrazBayzak | ASSIGNED PA | Aug 23, 2023 | abuse@ via KZ-KAZAKTELECOM-20120612 |
| └ 5.63.88.144/30 | 4 | ZHANASHYR_ | Taraz | ASSIGNED PA | Jun 26, 2025 | abuse@ via KZ-KAZAKTELECOM-20120612 |
| └ 5.63.88.148/30 | 4 | MLOMBARD | t. Taraz | ASSIGNED PA | Feb 21, 2020 | abuse@ via KZ-KAZAKTELECOM-20120612 |
| └ 5.63.88.152/30 | 4 | Baiterek | Baiterek | ASSIGNED PA | Oct 16, 2013 | abuse@ via KZ-KAZAKTELECOM-20120612 |
| └ 5.63.88.156/30 | 4 | OFKS_ | unknown | ASSIGNED PA | Mar 2, 2026 | abuse@ via KZ-KAZAKTELECOM-20120612 |
| └ 5.63.88.160/30 | 4 | OFKS_ | unknown | ASSIGNED PA | Mar 2, 2026 | abuse@ via KZ-KAZAKTELECOM-20120612 |
| └ 5.63.88.164/30 | 4 | OFKS_ | unknown | ASSIGNED PA | Mar 2, 2026 | abuse@ via KZ-KAZAKTELECOM-20120612 |
| └ 5.63.88.168/30 | 4 | HOMECREDIT | Home Credit Kazakhstan JSC | ASSIGNED PA | Oct 24, 2013 | abuse@ via KZ-KAZAKTELECOM-20120612 |
| └ 5.63.88.172/30 | 4 | INVIVO | INVIVO | ASSIGNED PA | Oct 24, 2013 | abuse@ via KZ-KAZAKTELECOM-20120612 |
| └ 5.63.88.184/30 | 4 | KazvodhozTara | unknown | ASSIGNED PA | Apr 27, 2026 | abuse@ via KZ-KAZAKTELECOM-20120612 |
| └ 5.63.88.188/30 | 4 | OFKS_ | unknown | ASSIGNED PA | Mar 2, 2026 | abuse@ via KZ-KAZAKTELECOM-20120612 |
| └ 5.63.88.192/30 | 4 | SelOkrugSazterek | SelOkrugSazterek | ASSIGNED PA | Nov 6, 2013 | abuse@ via KZ-KAZAKTELECOM-20120612 |
| └ 5.63.88.196/30 | 4 | SelOkrugIntymak | SelOkrugIntymak | ASSIGNED PA | Nov 6, 2013 | abuse@ via KZ-KAZAKTELECOM-20120612 |
| └ 5.63.88.200/30 | 4 | OFKS_ | unknown | ASSIGNED PA | Mar 2, 2026 | abuse@ via KZ-KAZAKTELECOM-20120612 |
| └ 5.63.88.204/30 | 4 | OFKS_ | unknown | ASSIGNED PA | Mar 2, 2026 | abuse@ via KZ-KAZAKTELECOM-20120612 |
| └ 5.63.88.208/30 | 4 | OFKS_ | unknown | ASSIGNED PA | Mar 2, 2026 | abuse@ via KZ-KAZAKTELECOM-20120612 |
| └ 5.63.88.212/30 | 4 | OFKS_ | unknown | ASSIGNED PA | Mar 2, 2026 | abuse@ via KZ-KAZAKTELECOM-20120612 |
| └ 5.63.88.216/30 | 4 | ZHAMBPOLYTECHNICALHIGHCOLLEGE | ZHAMBPOLYTECHNICALHIGHCOLLEGE | ASSIGNED PA | Sep 5, 2022 | abuse@ via KZ-KAZAKTELECOM-20120612 |
| └ 5.63.88.220/30 | 4 | PS-8 | Astana | ASSIGNED PA | Mar 10, 2023 | abuse@ via KZ-KAZAKTELECOM-20120612 |
| └ 5.63.88.224/30 | 4 | Apex_ | unknown | ASSIGNED PA | Sep 22, 2026 | abuse@ via KZ-KAZAKTELECOM-20120612 |
| └ 5.63.88.228/30 | 4 | National_ | unknown | ASSIGNED PA | Mar 2, 2026 | abuse@ via KZ-KAZAKTELECOM-20120612 |
| └ 5.63.88.232/30 | 4 | KAZYNATAU | Taraz | ASSIGNED PA | Aug 27, 2024 | abuse@ via KZ-KAZAKTELECOM-20120612 |
| └ 5.63.88.236/30 | 4 | SelOkrugAkermen | Taraz | ASSIGNED PA | Nov 6, 2024 | abuse@ via KZ-KAZAKTELECOM-20120612 |
| └ 5.63.88.240/30 | 4 | OFKS_ | Taraz | ASSIGNED PA | Mar 20, 2025 | abuse@ via KZ-KAZAKTELECOM-20120612 |
| └ 5.63.88.244/30 | 4 | FCTARAZ | Taraz | ASSIGNED PA | Jan 16, 2025 | abuse@ via KZ-KAZAKTELECOM-20120612 |
| └ 5.63.88.248/30 | 4 | CRBKordai | CRBKordai | ASSIGNED PA | Mar 17, 2023 | abuse@ via KZ-KAZAKTELECOM-20120612 |
| └ 5.63.88.252/30 | 4 | OFKS_ | unknown | ASSIGNED PA | Mar 2, 2026 | abuse@ via KZ-KAZAKTELECOM-20120612 |
| └ 5.63.89.0/30 | 4 | OtdObrazZham | unknown | ASSIGNED PA | Feb 25, 2026 | abuse@ via KZ-KAZAKTELECOM-20120612 |
| └ 5.63.89.4/30 | 4 | OtdObrazZham | unknown | ASSIGNED PA | Feb 25, 2026 | abuse@ via KZ-KAZAKTELECOM-20120612 |
| └ 5.63.89.8/30 | 4 | OtdObrazZham | unknown | ASSIGNED PA | Feb 25, 2026 | abuse@ via KZ-KAZAKTELECOM-20120612 |
| └ 5.63.89.12/30 | 4 | OtdObrazZham | unknown | ASSIGNED PA | Feb 25, 2026 | abuse@ via KZ-KAZAKTELECOM-20120612 |
| └ 5.63.89.16/30 | 4 | OtdObrazZham | unknown | ASSIGNED PA | Feb 25, 2026 | abuse@ via KZ-KAZAKTELECOM-20120612 |
| └ 5.63.89.20/30 | 4 | OtdObrazZham | unknown | ASSIGNED PA | Feb 25, 2026 | abuse@ via KZ-KAZAKTELECOM-20120612 |
| └ 5.63.89.24/30 | 4 | OtdObrazZham | unknown | ASSIGNED PA | Feb 25, 2026 | abuse@ via KZ-KAZAKTELECOM-20120612 |
| └ 5.63.89.28/30 | 4 | OtdObrazZham | unknown | ASSIGNED PA | Feb 25, 2026 | abuse@ via KZ-KAZAKTELECOM-20120612 |
| └ 5.63.89.32/30 | 4 | OtdObrazZham | unknown | ASSIGNED PA | Feb 25, 2026 | abuse@ via KZ-KAZAKTELECOM-20120612 |
| └ 5.63.89.36/30 | 4 | ENGINEERINGTECHNICALCENTER | ENGINEERINGTECHNICALCENTER | ASSIGNED PA | Jun 13, 2019 | abuse@ via KZ-KAZAKTELECOM-20120612 |
| └ 5.63.89.40/30 | 4 | OtdObrazZham | unknown | ASSIGNED PA | Feb 25, 2026 | abuse@ via KZ-KAZAKTELECOM-20120612 |
| └ 5.63.89.44/30 | 4 | ENGINEERINGTECHNICALCENTER | ENGINEERINGTECHNICALCENTER | ASSIGNED PA | Jun 13, 2019 | abuse@ via KZ-KAZAKTELECOM-20120612 |
| └ 5.63.89.48/30 | 4 | ENGINEERINGTECHNICALCENTER | ENGINEERINGTECHNICALCENTER | ASSIGNED PA | Jun 13, 2019 | abuse@ via KZ-KAZAKTELECOM-20120612 |
| └ 5.63.89.52/30 | 4 | OtdObrazZham | unknown | ASSIGNED PA | Feb 25, 2026 | abuse@ via KZ-KAZAKTELECOM-20120612 |
| └ 5.63.89.56/29 | 8 | OtdObrazASA | OtdObrazASA | ASSIGNED PA | Jun 8, 2016 | abuse@ via KZ-KAZAKTELECOM-20120612 |
| └ 5.63.89.64/29 | 8 | OtdObrazASA | OtdObrazASA | ASSIGNED PA | Jun 8, 2016 | abuse@ via KZ-KAZAKTELECOM-20120612 |
| └ 5.63.89.72/29 | 8 | OtdObrazASA | OtdObrazASA | ASSIGNED PA | Jun 8, 2016 | abuse@ via KZ-KAZAKTELECOM-20120612 |
| └ 5.63.89.80/29 | 8 | OtdObrazZhualy | OtdObrazZhualy | ASSIGNED PA | Jun 30, 2015 | abuse@ via KZ-KAZAKTELECOM-20120612 |
| └ 5.63.89.88/29 | 8 | OtdObrazZhualy | OtdObrazZhualy | ASSIGNED PA | Jun 30, 2015 | abuse@ via KZ-KAZAKTELECOM-20120612 |
| └ 5.63.89.96/29 | 8 | OtdObrazZhualy | OtdObrazZhualy | ASSIGNED PA | Jun 30, 2015 | abuse@ via KZ-KAZAKTELECOM-20120612 |
| └ 5.63.89.104/29 | 8 | OtdObrazZhualy | OtdObrazZhualy | ASSIGNED PA | Jun 30, 2015 | abuse@ via KZ-KAZAKTELECOM-20120612 |
| └ 5.63.89.112/29 | 8 | OFKS_ | OFKS Kord | ASSIGNED PA | Jun 9, 2015 | abuse@ via KZ-KAZAKTELECOM-20120612 |
| └ 5.63.89.128/30 | 4 | BaizakZdravOhr | Taraz | ASSIGNED PA | Aug 27, 2024 | abuse@ via KZ-KAZAKTELECOM-20120612 |
| └ 5.63.89.136/29 | 8 | KORCEM | unknown | ASSIGNED PA | Jun 18, 2026 | abuse@ via KZ-KAZAKTELECOM-20120612 |
| └ 5.63.89.144/29 | 8 | OFKS_ | OFKS Kord | ASSIGNED PA | Jun 9, 2015 | abuse@ via KZ-KAZAKTELECOM-20120612 |
| └ 5.63.89.152/29 | 8 | OFKS_ | OFKS Kord | ASSIGNED PA | Jun 9, 2015 | abuse@ via KZ-KAZAKTELECOM-20120612 |
| └ 5.63.89.160/29 | 8 | OFKS_ | OFKS Kord | ASSIGNED PA | Jun 9, 2015 | abuse@ via KZ-KAZAKTELECOM-20120612 |
| └ 5.63.89.168/30 | 4 | OFKS_ | Taraz | ASSIGNED PA | Aug 27, 2025 | abuse@ via KZ-KAZAKTELECOM-20120612 |
| └ 5.63.89.172/30 | 4 | Moinkum_ | Taraz | ASSIGNED PA | Oct 22, 2024 | abuse@ via KZ-KAZAKTELECOM-20120612 |
| └ 5.63.89.176/30 | 4 | KGU_ | unknown | ASSIGNED PA | Nov 11, 2021 | abuse@ via KZ-KAZAKTELECOM-20120612 |
| └ 5.63.89.180/30 | 4 | FCTARAZ | Taraz | ASSIGNED PA | Jan 16, 2025 | abuse@ via KZ-KAZAKTELECOM-20120612 |
| └ 5.63.89.192/30 | 4 | OtdObrazZham | unknown | ASSIGNED PA | Feb 25, 2026 | abuse@ via KZ-KAZAKTELECOM-20120612 |
| └ 5.63.89.196/30 | 4 | KGUEduDepRyskulov | Taraz | ASSIGNED PA | Apr 17, 2025 | abuse@ via KZ-KAZAKTELECOM-20120612 |
| └ 5.63.89.200/30 | 4 | SchooLAbilaihana | unknown | ASSIGNED PA | Mar 5, 2026 | abuse@ via KZ-KAZAKTELECOM-20120612 |
| └ 5.63.89.204/30 | 4 | KGUEduDepRyskulov | unknown | ASSIGNED PA | Feb 25, 2026 | abuse@ via KZ-KAZAKTELECOM-20120612 |
| └ 5.63.89.208/29 | 8 | AONIT | AO <Nacion`lnye Informacionnye Tehnologii> | ASSIGNED PA | Sep 19, 2013 | abuse@ via KZ-KAZAKTELECOM-20120612 |
| └ 5.63.89.216/30 | 4 | KGU_ | unknown | ASSIGNED PA | Dec 14, 2021 | abuse@ via KZ-KAZAKTELECOM-20120612 |
| └ 5.63.89.220/30 | 4 | OtdObrazZham | unknown | ASSIGNED PA | Feb 25, 2026 | abuse@ via KZ-KAZAKTELECOM-20120612 |
| └ 5.63.89.224/30 | 4 | OtdObrazZham | unknown | ASSIGNED PA | Feb 25, 2026 | abuse@ via KZ-KAZAKTELECOM-20120612 |
| └ 5.63.89.228/30 | 4 | OtdObrazZham | unknown | ASSIGNED PA | Feb 25, 2026 | abuse@ via KZ-KAZAKTELECOM-20120612 |
| └ 5.63.89.232/29 | 8 | KORCEM | unknown | ASSIGNED PA | Jun 18, 2026 | abuse@ via KZ-KAZAKTELECOM-20120612 |
| └ 5.63.89.240/30 | 4 | OrleuNaitionalInst | OrleuNaitionalInst | ASSIGNED PA | Mar 14, 2017 | abuse@ via KZ-KAZAKTELECOM-20120612 |
| └ 5.63.89.244/30 | 4 | ProtivChum | unknown | ASSIGNED PA | Feb 25, 2026 | abuse@ via KZ-KAZAKTELECOM-20120612 |
| └ 5.63.89.248/30 | 4 | BaizakZdravOhr | BaizakZdravOhr | ASSIGNED PA | Oct 30, 2013 | abuse@ via KZ-KAZAKTELECOM-20120612 |
| └ 5.63.89.252/30 | 4 | BaizakZdravOhr | BaizakZdravOhr | ASSIGNED PA | Oct 30, 2013 | abuse@ via KZ-KAZAKTELECOM-20120612 |
| └ 5.63.90.0/30 | 4 | MLOMBARD | M-Lombard LLC | ASSIGNED PA | Nov 15, 2013 | abuse@ via KZ-KAZAKTELECOM-20120612 |
| └ 5.63.90.4/30 | 4 | MLOMBARD | M-Lombard LLC | ASSIGNED PA | Nov 15, 2013 | abuse@ via KZ-KAZAKTELECOM-20120612 |
| └ 5.63.90.8/30 | 4 | MLOMBARD | M-Lombard LLC | ASSIGNED PA | Nov 15, 2013 | abuse@ via KZ-KAZAKTELECOM-20120612 |
| └ 5.63.90.12/30 | 4 | MLOMBARD | M-Lombard LLC | ASSIGNED PA | Nov 15, 2013 | abuse@ via KZ-KAZAKTELECOM-20120612 |
| └ 5.63.90.16/30 | 4 | MLOMBARD | M-Lombard LLC | ASSIGNED PA | Nov 15, 2013 | abuse@ via KZ-KAZAKTELECOM-20120612 |
| └ 5.63.90.20/30 | 4 | OtdObrazBayzak | unknown | ASSIGNED PA | Mar 2, 2026 | abuse@ via KZ-KAZAKTELECOM-20120612 |
| └ 5.63.90.24/30 | 4 | MIKRK_ | Zhambyl | ASSIGNED PA | Mar 18, 2019 | abuse@ via KZ-KAZAKTELECOM-20120612 |
| └ 5.63.90.28/30 | 4 | MLOMBARD | M-Lombard LLC | ASSIGNED PA | Nov 15, 2013 | abuse@ via KZ-KAZAKTELECOM-20120612 |
| └ 5.63.90.32/30 | 4 | MLOMBARD | M-Lombard LLC | ASSIGNED PA | Nov 15, 2013 | abuse@ via KZ-KAZAKTELECOM-20120612 |
| └ 5.63.90.36/30 | 4 | KGU_ | Taraz | ASSIGNED PA | Oct 24, 2025 | abuse@ via KZ-KAZAKTELECOM-20120612 |
| └ 5.63.90.40/30 | 4 | MKZOLOTO | Karatau | ASSIGNED PA | Apr 10, 2025 | abuse@ via KZ-KAZAKTELECOM-20120612 |
| └ 5.63.90.44/30 | 4 | MLOMBARD | M-Lombard LLC | ASSIGNED PA | Nov 15, 2013 | abuse@ via KZ-KAZAKTELECOM-20120612 |
| └ 5.63.90.48/30 | 4 | MLOMBARD | M-Lombard LLC | ASSIGNED PA | Nov 15, 2013 | abuse@ via KZ-KAZAKTELECOM-20120612 |
| └ 5.63.90.52/30 | 4 | MLOMBARD | M-Lombard LLC | ASSIGNED PA | Nov 15, 2013 | abuse@ via KZ-KAZAKTELECOM-20120612 |
| └ 5.63.90.56/30 | 4 | MLOMBARD | M-Lombard LLC | ASSIGNED PA | Nov 15, 2013 | abuse@ via KZ-KAZAKTELECOM-20120612 |
| └ 5.63.90.60/30 | 4 | OtdObrazBayzak | OtdObrazBayzak | ASSIGNED PA | Nov 17, 2023 | abuse@ via KZ-KAZAKTELECOM-20120612 |
| └ 5.63.90.64/30 | 4 | KAZSTAR_ | unknown | ASSIGNED PA | Nov 17, 2023 | abuse@ via KZ-KAZAKTELECOM-20120612 |
| └ 5.63.90.68/30 | 4 | OFKS_ | OFKS Kord | ASSIGNED PA | Sep 27, 2023 | abuse@ via KZ-KAZAKTELECOM-20120612 |
| └ 5.63.90.72/30 | 4 | MLOMBARD | M-Lombard LLC | ASSIGNED PA | Nov 15, 2013 | abuse@ via KZ-KAZAKTELECOM-20120612 |
| └ 5.63.90.76/30 | 4 | Dosaly | Dosaly | ASSIGNED PA | Sep 19, 2023 | abuse@ via KZ-KAZAKTELECOM-20120612 |
| └ 5.63.90.80/30 | 4 | OFKS_ | Taraz | ASSIGNED PA | Mar 20, 2025 | abuse@ via KZ-KAZAKTELECOM-20120612 |
| └ 5.63.90.88/30 | 4 | HOMECREDIT | Home Credit Kazakhstan JSC | ASSIGNED PA | Nov 18, 2013 | abuse@ via KZ-KAZAKTELECOM-20120612 |
| └ 5.63.90.92/30 | 4 | YOUTHCENTRMERK | YOUTHCENTRMERK | ASSIGNED PA | Nov 20, 2013 | abuse@ via KZ-KAZAKTELECOM-20120612 |
| └ 5.63.90.96/29 | 8 | ANTITUBERCULARDISPENS | ANTITUBERCULARDISPENS | ASSIGNED PA | Nov 20, 2013 | abuse@ via KZ-KAZAKTELECOM-20120612 |
| └ 5.63.90.104/30 | 4 | MedFarmKontrol | unknown | ASSIGNED PA | Mar 16, 2026 | abuse@ via KZ-KAZAKTELECOM-20120612 |
| └ 5.63.90.108/30 | 4 | SelOkrugZhanatyrmys | SelOkrugZhanatyrmys | ASSIGNED PA | Nov 20, 2013 | abuse@ via KZ-KAZAKTELECOM-20120612 |
| └ 5.63.90.112/30 | 4 | KGU_ | unknown | ASSIGNED PA | Dec 12, 2019 | abuse@ via KZ-KAZAKTELECOM-20120612 |
| └ 5.63.90.116/30 | 4 | SelOkrugAkbulak | SelOkrugAkbulak | ASSIGNED PA | Nov 20, 2013 | abuse@ via KZ-KAZAKTELECOM-20120612 |
| └ 5.63.90.120/30 | 4 | KGUOBRAZTARA | unknown | ASSIGNED PA | Apr 3, 2023 | abuse@ via KZ-KAZAKTELECOM-20120612 |
| └ 5.63.90.124/30 | 4 | CHAMB_ | CHAMB ENTREP, Taraz | ASSIGNED PA | Dec 12, 2013 | abuse@ via KZ-KAZAKTELECOM-20120612 |
| └ 5.63.90.128/30 | 4 | OtdObrazBayzak | OtdObrazBayzak | ASSIGNED PA | Apr 18, 2017 | abuse@ via KZ-KAZAKTELECOM-20120612 |
| └ 5.63.90.132/30 | 4 | SelOkrugTemirbek | SelOkrugTemirbek | ASSIGNED PA | Feb 26, 2014 | abuse@ via KZ-KAZAKTELECOM-20120612 |
| └ 5.63.90.136/30 | 4 | Koktal | Koktal | ASSIGNED PA | Nov 28, 2013 | abuse@ via KZ-KAZAKTELECOM-20120612 |
| └ 5.63.90.140/30 | 4 | TARGPI | unknown | ASSIGNED PA | Jun 29, 2026 | abuse@ via KZ-KAZAKTELECOM-20120612 |
| └ 5.63.90.144/30 | 4 | ArhitekKord | ArhitekKord | ASSIGNED PA | Nov 29, 2013 | abuse@ via KZ-KAZAKTELECOM-20120612 |
| └ 5.63.90.148/30 | 4 | IPAsatov | IPAsatov | ASSIGNED PA | Dec 3, 2013 | abuse@ via KZ-KAZAKTELECOM-20120612 |
| └ 5.63.90.152/30 | 4 | OtdObrazBayzak | unknown | ASSIGNED PA | Mar 2, 2026 | abuse@ via KZ-KAZAKTELECOM-20120612 |
| └ 5.63.90.156/30 | 4 | SelOkrugKopterek | SelOkrugKopterek | ASSIGNED PA | Dec 19, 2013 | abuse@ via KZ-KAZAKTELECOM-20120612 |
| └ 5.63.90.160/30 | 4 | FastMoney | FastMoney | ASSIGNED PA | Apr 21, 2014 | abuse@ via KZ-KAZAKTELECOM-20120612 |
| └ 5.63.90.164/30 | 4 | OtdObrazBayzak | OtdObrazBayzak | ASSIGNED PA | Apr 18, 2017 | abuse@ via KZ-KAZAKTELECOM-20120612 |
| └ 5.63.90.168/30 | 4 | KGU_ | Taraz | ASSIGNED PA | Oct 29, 2025 | abuse@ via KZ-KAZAKTELECOM-20120612 |
| └ 5.63.90.172/30 | 4 | PS-1 | unknown | ASSIGNED PA | May 21, 2014 | abuse@ via KZ-KAZAKTELECOM-20120612 |
| └ 5.63.90.176/30 | 4 | OFKS_ | OFKS Kord | ASSIGNED PA | Sep 27, 2023 | abuse@ via KZ-KAZAKTELECOM-20120612 |
| └ 5.63.90.180/30 | 4 | OFKS_ | OFKS Kord | ASSIGNED PA | Sep 27, 2023 | abuse@ via KZ-KAZAKTELECOM-20120612 |
| └ 5.63.90.184/30 | 4 | OFKS_ | OFKS Kord | ASSIGNED PA | Sep 27, 2023 | abuse@ via KZ-KAZAKTELECOM-20120612 |
| └ 5.63.90.188/30 | 4 | KGU_ | unknown | ASSIGNED PA | Sep 27, 2023 | abuse@ via KZ-KAZAKTELECOM-20120612 |
| └ 5.63.90.192/30 | 4 | PredPromKula | PredPromKula | ASSIGNED PA | Dec 18, 2013 | abuse@ via KZ-KAZAKTELECOM-20120612 |
| └ 5.63.90.196/30 | 4 | SystCentrLibrary | SystCentrLibrary | ASSIGNED PA | Dec 18, 2013 | abuse@ via KZ-KAZAKTELECOM-20120612 |
| └ 5.63.90.200/30 | 4 | KGU_ | unknown | ASSIGNED PA | Oct 5, 2026 | abuse@ via KZ-KAZAKTELECOM-20120612 |
| └ 5.63.90.204/30 | 4 | SelOkrugSuhanbai | SelOkrugSuhanbai | ASSIGNED PA | Dec 19, 2013 | abuse@ via KZ-KAZAKTELECOM-20120612 |
| └ 5.63.90.208/30 | 4 | AOKTK | in Taraz | ASSIGNED PA | Dec 26, 2013 | abuse@ via KZ-KAZAKTELECOM-20120612 |
| └ 5.63.90.212/30 | 4 | OtdObrazBayzak | unknown | ASSIGNED PA | Mar 2, 2026 | abuse@ via KZ-KAZAKTELECOM-20120612 |
| └ 5.63.90.216/30 | 4 | PrimaDistribushion | PrimaDistribushion | ASSIGNED PA | Jan 8, 2014 | abuse@ via KZ-KAZAKTELECOM-20120612 |
| └ 5.63.90.220/30 | 4 | Moinkum_ | Moinkum Akimat | ASSIGNED PA | Jan 8, 2014 | abuse@ via KZ-KAZAKTELECOM-20120612 |
| └ 5.63.90.224/30 | 4 | RahimjanPetrol | RahimjanPetrol | ASSIGNED PA | May 12, 2019 | abuse@ via KZ-KAZAKTELECOM-20120612 |
| └ 5.63.90.228/30 | 4 | SelOkrugAspara | SelOkrugAspara | ASSIGNED PA | Jan 8, 2014 | abuse@ via KZ-KAZAKTELECOM-20120612 |
| └ 5.63.90.236/30 | 4 | KGU_ | unknown | ASSIGNED PA | Dec 13, 2021 | abuse@ via KZ-KAZAKTELECOM-20120612 |
| └ 5.63.90.240/30 | 4 | ID-WindPowerCity | ID-WindPowerCity | ASSIGNED PA | Jan 14, 2020 | abuse@ via KZ-KAZAKTELECOM-20120612 |
| └ 5.63.90.244/30 | 4 | OtdObrazZham | unknown | ASSIGNED PA | Mar 2, 2026 | abuse@ via KZ-KAZAKTELECOM-20120612 |
| └ 5.63.90.248/30 | 4 | IPNiyazov | IPNiyazov | ASSIGNED PA | Jan 9, 2014 | abuse@ via KZ-KAZAKTELECOM-20120612 |
| └ 5.63.90.252/30 | 4 | OtdObrazBayzak | unknown | ASSIGNED PA | Mar 2, 2026 | abuse@ via KZ-KAZAKTELECOM-20120612 |
| └ 5.63.91.0/30 | 4 | KGUEduDepRyskulov | unknown | ASSIGNED PA | Mar 13, 2026 | abuse@ via KZ-KAZAKTELECOM-20120612 |
| └ 5.63.91.4/30 | 4 | OhranaZemel | Taraz | ASSIGNED PA | Feb 17, 2023 | abuse@ via KZ-KAZAKTELECOM-20120612 |
| └ 5.63.91.8/30 | 4 | DepPhysCultSportMerk | DepPhysCultSportMerk | ASSIGNED PA | Feb 13, 2023 | abuse@ via KZ-KAZAKTELECOM-20120612 |
| └ 5.63.91.12/30 | 4 | KGU_ | Taraz | ASSIGNED PA | Nov 13, 2024 | abuse@ via KZ-KAZAKTELECOM-20120612 |
| └ 5.63.91.16/30 | 4 | PS-1 | unknown | ASSIGNED PA | May 27, 2014 | abuse@ via KZ-KAZAKTELECOM-20120612 |
| └ 5.63.91.20/30 | 4 | ObrazTara | ObrazTara | ASSIGNED PA | May 27, 2014 | abuse@ via KZ-KAZAKTELECOM-20120612 |
| └ 5.63.91.24/30 | 4 | GosZakupZHO | Taraz | ASSIGNED PA | Apr 24, 2025 | abuse@ via KZ-KAZAKTELECOM-20120612 |
| └ 5.63.91.28/30 | 4 | ObrTalas | ObrTalas | ASSIGNED PA | Aug 17, 2021 | abuse@ via KZ-KAZAKTELECOM-20120612 |
| └ 5.63.91.32/30 | 4 | PrirodResurs | unknown | ASSIGNED PA | Mar 16, 2026 | abuse@ via KZ-KAZAKTELECOM-20120612 |
| └ 5.63.91.36/30 | 4 | CityHouseofCulture | CityHouseofCulture | ASSIGNED PA | Jan 30, 2023 | abuse@ via KZ-KAZAKTELECOM-20120612 |
| └ 5.63.91.40/30 | 4 | Zaniatost_ | Zaniatost Zhambul | ASSIGNED PA | Jun 5, 2014 | abuse@ via KZ-KAZAKTELECOM-20120612 |
| └ 5.63.91.44/30 | 4 | OFKS_ | Taraz | ASSIGNED PA | Mar 20, 2025 | abuse@ via KZ-KAZAKTELECOM-20120612 |
| └ 5.63.91.52/30 | 4 | GALEREYA_ | unknown | ASSIGNED PA | Jun 27, 2014 | abuse@ via KZ-KAZAKTELECOM-20120612 |
| └ 5.63.91.56/30 | 4 | KGUEduDepRyskulov | unknown | ASSIGNED PA | Mar 13, 2026 | abuse@ via KZ-KAZAKTELECOM-20120612 |
| └ 5.63.91.60/30 | 4 | IPSCHNEIDER | Taraz | ASSIGNED PA | May 22, 2024 | abuse@ via KZ-KAZAKTELECOM-20120612 |
| └ 5.63.91.80/30 | 4 | KASPI_ | unknown | ASSIGNED PA | Nov 16, 2022 | abuse@ via KZ-KAZAKTELECOM-20120612 |
| └ 5.63.91.84/30 | 4 | TaraSchool35 | TaraSchool35 | ASSIGNED PA | May 4, 2019 | abuse@ via KZ-KAZAKTELECOM-20120612 |
| └ 5.63.91.88/30 | 4 | OtdObrazZham | unknown | ASSIGNED PA | Mar 12, 2026 | abuse@ via KZ-KAZAKTELECOM-20120612 |
| └ 5.63.91.92/30 | 4 | RaiFO | RaiFO | ASSIGNED PA | Jan 23, 2023 | abuse@ via KZ-KAZAKTELECOM-20120612 |
| └ 5.63.91.96/30 | 4 | OBRAZSHUU | unknown | ASSIGNED PA | Mar 16, 2026 | abuse@ via KZ-KAZAKTELECOM-20120612 |
| └ 5.63.91.100/30 | 4 | ZHANSHUAK_ | Taraz | ASSIGNED PA | Jun 30, 2025 | abuse@ via KZ-KAZAKTELECOM-20120612 |
| └ 5.63.91.104/30 | 4 | NTBibliotek | unknown | ASSIGNED PA | Mar 4, 2026 | abuse@ via KZ-KAZAKTELECOM-20120612 |
| └ 5.63.91.108/30 | 4 | SelOkrugZhanaturmys | SelOkrugZhanaturmys | ASSIGNED PA | May 17, 2023 | abuse@ via KZ-KAZAKTELECOM-20120612 |
| └ 5.63.91.116/30 | 4 | KAZMICROFINANCE | Micro-credit organization KazMicroFinance LTD | ASSIGNED PA | Apr 21, 2016 | abuse@ via KZ-KAZAKTELECOM-20120612 |
| └ 5.63.91.120/30 | 4 | Akimat | unknown | ASSIGNED PA | Mar 3, 2026 | abuse@ via KZ-KAZAKTELECOM-20120612 |
| └ 5.63.91.124/30 | 4 | Burshak | Burshak | ASSIGNED PA | Sep 3, 2015 | abuse@ via KZ-KAZAKTELECOM-20120612 |
| └ 5.63.91.140/30 | 4 | TIGU | Taraz | ASSIGNED PA | Sep 16, 2024 | abuse@ via KZ-KAZAKTELECOM-20120612 |
| └ 5.63.91.144/30 | 4 | LUX-TELEKOM | unknown | ASSIGNED PA | Sep 17, 2025 | abuse@ via KZ-KAZAKTELECOM-20120612 |
| └ 5.63.91.148/30 | 4 | EkonomikaBudjet | Taraz | ASSIGNED PA | Dec 5, 2024 | abuse@ via KZ-KAZAKTELECOM-20120612 |
| └ 5.63.91.152/30 | 4 | CHAMB_ | Chamb Entrep | ASSIGNED PA | Sep 19, 2014 | abuse@ via KZ-KAZAKTELECOM-20120612 |
| └ 5.63.91.156/30 | 4 | ProtivTubBolnicaBayzak | ProtivTubBolnicaBayzak | ASSIGNED PA | Apr 4, 2016 | abuse@ via KZ-KAZAKTELECOM-20120612 |
| └ 5.63.91.160/29 | 8 | NACEKS | Taraz | ASSIGNED PA | Feb 24, 2025 | abuse@ via KZ-KAZAKTELECOM-20120612 |
| └ 5.63.91.168/30 | 4 | KAZINKOMBANK | unknown | ASSIGNED PA | Sep 24, 2026 | abuse@ via KZ-KAZAKTELECOM-20120612 |
| └ 5.63.91.172/30 | 4 | KAZMICROFINANCE | Zhambyl reg, Korday pos. Baydibek st | ASSIGNED PA | Aug 23, 2022 | abuse@ via KZ-KAZAKTELECOM-20120612 |
| └ 5.63.91.176/30 | 4 | OtdObrazBayzak | OtdObrazBayzak | ASSIGNED PA | Apr 18, 2017 | abuse@ via KZ-KAZAKTELECOM-20120612 |
| └ 5.63.91.184/30 | 4 | OOFKord | OOFKord | ASSIGNED PA | Sep 25, 2014 | abuse@ via KZ-KAZAKTELECOM-20120612 |
| └ 5.63.91.188/30 | 4 | EvroHimKara | EvroHimKara | ASSIGNED PA | Sep 25, 2014 | abuse@ via KZ-KAZAKTELECOM-20120612 |
| └ 5.63.91.196/30 | 4 | KSN_ | AO NK KSN | ASSIGNED PA | Oct 31, 2016 | abuse@ via KZ-KAZAKTELECOM-20120612 |
| └ 5.63.91.200/30 | 4 | SHASABIROVA | unknown | ASSIGNED PA | May 25, 2026 | abuse@ via KZ-KAZAKTELECOM-20120612 |
| └ 5.63.91.204/30 | 4 | OtdObrazBayzak | OtdObrazBayzak | ASSIGNED PA | Jun 20, 2023 | abuse@ via KZ-KAZAKTELECOM-20120612 |
| └ 5.63.91.208/30 | 4 | TaraFarmakom | TaraFarmakom | ASSIGNED PA | Oct 21, 2014 | abuse@ via KZ-KAZAKTELECOM-20120612 |
| └ 5.63.91.212/30 | 4 | TOODC_ | unknown | ASSIGNED PA | Mar 17, 2026 | abuse@ via KZ-KAZAKTELECOM-20120612 |
| └ 5.63.91.216/30 | 4 | MIKRK_ | Zhambyl | ASSIGNED PA | Mar 18, 2019 | abuse@ via KZ-KAZAKTELECOM-20120612 |
| └ 5.63.91.220/30 | 4 | MIKRK_ | Zhambyl | ASSIGNED PA | Mar 18, 2019 | abuse@ via KZ-KAZAKTELECOM-20120612 |
| └ 5.63.91.224/30 | 4 | SportSchool-7 | SportSchool-7 | ASSIGNED PA | Jan 29, 2024 | abuse@ via KZ-KAZAKTELECOM-20120612 |
| └ 5.63.91.228/30 | 4 | TalasInvestComp | TalasInvestComp | ASSIGNED PA | Nov 20, 2014 | abuse@ via KZ-KAZAKTELECOM-20120612 |
| └ 5.63.91.232/30 | 4 | KGUEduDepRyskulov | unknown | ASSIGNED PA | Mar 13, 2026 | abuse@ via KZ-KAZAKTELECOM-20120612 |
| └ 5.63.91.236/30 | 4 | KGUEduDepRyskulov | unknown | ASSIGNED PA | Mar 13, 2026 | abuse@ via KZ-KAZAKTELECOM-20120612 |
| └ 5.63.91.240/29 | 8 | TOOZHES | Taraz | ASSIGNED PA | Dec 14, 2023 | abuse@ via KZ-KAZAKTELECOM-20120612 |
| └ 5.63.91.252/30 | 4 | KultYazikKord | Taraz | ASSIGNED PA | Aug 7, 2024 | abuse@ via KZ-KAZAKTELECOM-20120612 |
| └ 5.63.92.0/22 | 1,024 | GPON_ | JSC Kazakhtelecom | ASSIGNED PA | Nov 21, 2013 | abuse@ via KZ-KAZAKTELECOM-20120612 |
| └ 5.63.96.0/22 | 1,024 | GPON_ | JSC Kazakhtelecom | ASSIGNED PA | Jan 20, 2014 | abuse@ via KZ-KAZAKTELECOM-20120612 |
| └ 5.63.100.0/30 | 4 | KGUOBRAZTARA | Taraz | ASSIGNED PA | Apr 11, 2025 | abuse@ via KZ-KAZAKTELECOM-20120612 |
| └ 5.63.100.4/30 | 4 | SelOkrugOyuk | SelOkrugOyuk | ASSIGNED PA | Sep 6, 2022 | abuse@ via KZ-KAZAKTELECOM-20120612 |
| └ 5.63.100.12/30 | 4 | ENGINEERINGTECHNICALCENTER | ENGINEERINGTECHNICALCENTER | ASSIGNED PA | May 15, 2019 | abuse@ via KZ-KAZAKTELECOM-20120612 |
| └ 5.63.100.16/30 | 4 | TaraSchool37 | TaraSchool37 | ASSIGNED PA | May 4, 2019 | abuse@ via KZ-KAZAKTELECOM-20120612 |
| └ 5.63.100.20/30 | 4 | MARWINTara | MARWINTara | ASSIGNED PA | Dec 8, 2015 | abuse@ via KZ-KAZAKTELECOM-20120612 |
| └ 5.63.100.24/30 | 4 | TOO_ | Taraz | ASSIGNED PA | Mar 31, 2025 | abuse@ via KZ-KAZAKTELECOM-20120612 |
A contact marked “via” is the registry's: the record names none of its own, so the registry hands down its parent's.
Composition
The types across the prefix's announced space, by addresses.
Announced space
Address share
Announced space
Types across the prefix
16,384 addresses
| Type | Addresses | Share | Ranges | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Residential | 11,040 | 67% | 180 | |
| Business | 5,324 | 32% | 1,128 | |
| Mobile | 20 | 0.12% | 2 |
Network & registry
Origin network
AS9198
KZ
- Name
- JSC Kazakhtelecom
- Type
- Internet provider
- Registered
- Feb 23, 1999
- Domain
- telecom.kz
- Website
- www.telecom.kz
- Industry
- Internet Service Provider (ISP)
- Spamhaus ASN-DROP
- not listed
Routing timeline
Who has announced this prefix
Summary
Routing history
- Pattern
- Stable
- First seen
- Jun 2012
- Current origin since
- Jun 2012 · 14 yr
- Origin networks
- 1
RPKI
Route origin authorizations
| ROA prefix | ASN | Max len | Anchor | Verdict |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 5.63.64.0/18 | AS9198 | /18 | RIPE | RPKI valid |
IRR
Route objects on the exact prefix
| Origin | Registry | Description | Maintainer | Modified |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| AS9198 | RIPE | Kazakhtelecom Data Network Administration | KNIC-MNT | Sep 26, 2012 |
IRR inside
Route objects inside
| Prefix | Origin | Registry | Description | Maintainer | Modified |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 5.63.101.0/24 | AS9198 | RIPE | Kazakhtelecom GPON Network | KNIC-MNT | Apr 11, 2014 |
| 5.63.102.0/24 | AS9198 | RIPE | Kazakhtelecom GPON Network | KNIC-MNT | Apr 11, 2014 |
| 5.63.104.0/23 | AS9198 | RIPE | Kazakhtelecom | KNIC-MNT | Sep 15, 2014 |
Whois
Registration for this announcement
- Range
- 5.
63. 64. 0/ 18 - Netname
- KZ-KAZAKTELECOM-20120612
- Registrant
- JSC Kazakhtelecom
- Registrant country
- KZ
- Organization
- JSC Kazakhtelecom (ORG-KDNA1-RIPE)
- Org country
- KZ
- Type
- ALLOCATED PA
- Created
- Jun 12, 2012
- Updated
- Jun 23, 2016
- Maintainer
- RIPE-NCC-HM-MNT
- RIR
- RIPE NCC
- Country
- KZ
- Delegated
- Jun 12, 2012
- Status
- assigned
Report abuse
Abuse contact
- abuse@
telecom. kz - Name
- Kazakhtelecom Network Information Center
- Handle
- KNIC1-RIPE