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Data as of Nov 12, 2026

60.48.0.0/16

1 anonymizer address · <0.01% · VPN7,981 residential-proxy exits · 30 days

TM Technology Services Sdn. Bhd.

Announcement
this exact prefix
RPKI valid
Announced by
AS4788
Type
Residential
>99% of it

Residential-proxy exits

Proxy exits
7,981
12% of its addresses · 30 days
Always-on exits
85
1.1% of its exits
Spread
178 of 256
/24s with at least one exit
Providers
136
selling exits here
Oct 13, 2026 – Nov 11, 2026

Exits seen per day

795K observations
  • VPN · anonymizer
  • Residential

/24s with the most always-on exits

/24Always-on exitsProxy exits
60.48.168.0/2438254
60.48.225.0/24265
60.48.106.0/24255
60.48.167.0/24253
60.48.72.0/24252
60.48.118.0/24247
60.48.49.0/24246
60.48.160.0/24240
60.48.33.0/24197
60.48.115.0/24184
60.48.42.0/24183
60.48.43.0/24181
60.48.0.0/24170
60.48.78.0/24166
60.48.91.0/24165
60.48.73.0/24162
60.48.50.0/24159
60.48.93.0/24158
60.48.54.0/24158
60.48.46.0/24157
60.48.7.0/24157
60.48.55.0/24156
60.48.176.0/24156
60.48.245.0/24156

Proxy providers listing exits

  • 2Captcha
  • 711Proxy
  • 911Proxy
  • 9Proxy
  • ASHBURNPROXIES
  • Ake.net
  • AnyIP
  • B2Proxy
  • BartProxies
  • BestProxy
  • BirdProxies
  • BlurPath
  • BottingTools
  • Bright Data
  • BuyingProxy
  • ByteProxies
  • Byteful
  • CatProxies
  • CliProxy
  • CoreProxy
  • DataImpulse
  • Datarama
  • Decodo
  • EVOPROXY
  • EZProxies
  • EnigmaProxy
  • Evomi
  • FLEETPROXY
  • FastProxy
  • FlashProxy
  • FlexyProxies
  • FloppyData
  • FuseProxy
  • GSocks
  • GeekProxy
  • Geonix
  • Geonode
  • GhostConnect
  • GloryCloud
  • GoProxies
  • GonzoProxy
  • HPROXY
  • HideProxy
  • HydraProxy
  • IPCola
  • IPFly
  • IPMUSK
  • IPOasis
  • IPPeak
  • IPROCKET_BASIC
  • IPROCKET_PREMIUM
  • IPRoyal
  • Infatica
  • InfiniteProxies
  • JoyProxy
  • KindProxy
  • KocerRoxy
  • Kookey
  • LUMIPROXY
  • LemonBright
  • LemonLabs
  • LemonPrime
  • LightningProxies
  • LudaxProxy
  • MagneticProxy
  • MangoProxy
  • MarsProxies
  • Maskify
  • MoMoProxy
  • NSocks
  • NextProxy
  • NiuProxy
  • NodeMaven
  • NodeProxy
  • NovProxy
  • NovaProxy
  • Novada
  • Oxylabs
  • PROXYON
  • PROXYSCRAPE
  • PROXYWING_BASIC
  • PSBProxy
  • PYPROXY
  • PacketStream
  • PrivateByte
  • PrivateProxy
  • Proxies.fo
  • ProxiesVision
  • Proxio
  • Proxiware
  • Proxmint
  • Proxy-Cheap
  • Proxy-Seller
  • Proxy302
  • Proxy4U
  • ProxyEmpire
  • ProxyGeo
  • ProxyHat
  • ProxyRack
  • ProxyStyler
  • ProxyWing
  • Proxying
  • Proxyma
  • PuraRoute
  • Q2IP
  • QUANTICDATA
  • RH7Proxy
  • RainProxy
  • RapidProxy
  • RealProxy
  • ResiProxies
  • RoamProxy
  • RolaProxy
  • SPYDERPROXY_BASIC
  • SPYDERPROXY_PREMIUM
  • Shifter
  • Smartproxy
  • SpyderProxy
  • StrikeProxy
  • SwiftProxy
  • TORCHPROXIES_BASIC
  • TORCHPROXIES_PREMIUM
  • TORCHPROXIES_X
  • TalorData
  • Thordata
  • ThunderProxy
  • TrueProxies
  • VantageProxies
  • VibeProxies
  • VitalData
  • VitalExclusive
  • VitalProxy
  • Webshare
  • YumiProxy
  • ZENPROXY_LITE
  • ZENPROXY_PREMIUM
IPv4 market

Path

1 · Holder
TM Technology Services Sdn Bhd
2 · Leased from
not leased
3 · Announced by
AS4788 TM Technology Services Sdn. Bhd.
since May 2005 · 21.5 yr ago
4 · Use
VPN servicesnamed VPN Gate
Residential

Operators, sellers and brokers

VPN services

NameParentIn 60.48.0.0/16/24s
VPN GateUniversity of Tsukuba
1<0.01%
1

Lineage

How this block came to its use, oldest first. The whole IPv4 market →

60.48.0.0/16

From the registry to its use

  1. Jul 9, 2004
    Route object
    AS4788 TM Technology Services Sdn. Bhd.
    RADB route object for AS4788 TM Technology Services Sdn. Bhd., maintainer MAINT-AS4788
  2. May 9, 2005– today
    Announced
    AS4788 TM Technology Services Sdn. Bhd.
    as part of 60.48.0.0/15
    60.48.0.0/15
  3. May 9, 2005– today
    Announced
    AS4788 TM Technology Services Sdn. Bhd.
    Internet provider
  4. today
    Registry record
    TM Technology Services Sdn Bhd
    ALLOCATED PORTABLE
    60.48.0.0/14
  5. today
    Route object
    AS4788 TM Technology Services Sdn. Bhd.
    APNIC route object for AS4788 TM Technology Services Sdn. Bhd., maintainer MAINT-MY-WEBE
  6. today
    Used
    VPN Gate
    VPN

Announcements

Less specific

Covering announcements

PrefixOriginTypeProxy exitsHolderRPKI
60.48.0.0/15
since May 2005
AS4788Residential14,747
271 always on
TM Technology Services Sdn Bhd
60.48.0.0/14
since May 2005
AS4788Residential29,587
705 always on
TM Technology Services Sdn Bhd
Nesting

More-specifics by size

Sized by addresses, colored by each announcement's type. Click a tile with children to zoom in, a leaf to open it.
More specific

Announcements inside

PrefixOriginTypeAnonymizer addressesOperatorProxy exitsHolderRPKI
60.48.0.0/17
since May 2005
AS4788Residential4,069
26 always on
TM Technology Services Sdn Bhd
60.48.0.0/18
since May 2005
AS4788Residential1<0.01%VPNVPN servicesoperated by VPN Gate2,024
12 always on
TM Technology Services Sdn Bhd
60.48.64.0/18
since May 2005
AS4788Residential2,045
14 always on
TM Technology Services Sdn Bhd
60.48.128.0/17
since May 2005
AS4788Residential3,944
59 always on
TM Technology Services Sdn Bhd
60.48.128.0/18
since May 2005
AS4788Residential1,967
50 always on
TM Technology Services Sdn Bhd
60.48.128.0/19
since Dec 2005
AS4788Residential644
3 always on
TM Technology Services Sdn Bhd
60.48.160.0/19
since Dec 2005
AS4788Residential1,323
47 always on
TM Technology Services Sdn Bhd
60.48.192.0/18
since May 2005
AS4788Residential1,977
9 always on
TM Technology Services Sdn Bhd
60.48.192.0/19
since Dec 2005
AS4788Residential1,011
2 always on
TM Technology Services Sdn Bhd
60.48.224.0/19
since Dec 2005
AS4788Residential966
7 always on
TM Technology Services Sdn Bhd

Composition

The types across the prefix's announced space, by addresses.

Announced space

Address share

Announced space

Types across the prefix

65,536 addresses
TypeAddressesShareRanges
Residential65,535>99%9
VPNanonymizer1<0.01%1

Network & registry

AnnouncementRouting historyRPKI & IRRWhois & abuse
Routing timeline

Covering aggregate above, the prefix's own history below

Summary

Routing history

Pattern
Stable
First seen
May 2005
Current origin since
May 2005 · 22 yr
Origin networks
1