Data as of Nov 11, 2026
85.46.0.0/17
2 residential-proxy exits · 30 daysTelecom Italia S.p.A.
Residential-proxy exits
Proxy exits
2
<0.01% of its addresses · 30 days
Spread
2 of 128
/24s with at least one exit
Providers
2
selling exits here
Oct 12, 2026 – Nov 10, 2026
Exits seen per day
10 observations
/24s with the most always-on exits
| /24 | Always-on exits | Proxy exits | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 85.46.71.0/24 | 0 | 1 | |
| 85.46.108.0/24 | 0 | 1 |
Proxy providers listing exits
- AnyIP
- FloppyData
Registrations in this block
The registry's network records over the announcement: those covering it, widest first, then every record inside it, under its parent.
| Range | Addresses | Netname | Holder | Type | Created | Abuse contact |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 85.32.0.0/12 | 1,048,576 | IT-INTERBUSINESS-20040810 | Telecom Italia S.p.A. (ORG-IA34-RIPE) · IT | ALLOCATED PA | Aug 10, 2004 | abuse@ |
| └ 85.46.0.0/24 | 256 | INTERBUSINESS | Telecom Italia SPA | ASSIGNED PA | Jun 28, 2005 | abuse@ via IT-INTERBUSINESS-20040810 |
| └ 85.46.1.0/24 | 256 | INTERBUSINESS | Telecom Italia SPA | ASSIGNED PA | Jun 28, 2005 | abuse@ via IT-INTERBUSINESS-20040810 |
| └ 85.46.2.0/24 | 256 | INTERBUSINESS | Telecom Italia SPA | ASSIGNED PA | Jun 28, 2005 | abuse@ via IT-INTERBUSINESS-20040810 |
| └ 85.46.3.0/24 | 256 | INTERBUSINESS | Telecom Italia SPA | ASSIGNED PA | Jun 28, 2005 | abuse@ via IT-INTERBUSINESS-20040810 |
| └ 85.46.4.0/24 | 256 | INTERBUSINESS | Telecom Italia SPA | ASSIGNED PA | Jul 5, 2005 | abuse@ via IT-INTERBUSINESS-20040810 |
| └ 85.46.5.0/24 | 256 | INTERBUSINESS | Telecom Italia SPA | ASSIGNED PA | Jul 5, 2005 | abuse@ via IT-INTERBUSINESS-20040810 |
| └ 85.46.6.0/24 | 256 | INTERBUSINESS | Telecom Italia SPA | ASSIGNED PA | Jul 5, 2005 | abuse@ via IT-INTERBUSINESS-20040810 |
| └ 85.46.7.0/24 | 256 | INTERBUSINESS | Telecom Italia SPA | ASSIGNED PA | Jul 5, 2005 | abuse@ via IT-INTERBUSINESS-20040810 |
| └ 85.46.8.12/30 | 4 | RABAGLIONIDOTTGIANMARIO | Rabaglioni DOTT.GIAN Mario | ASSIGNED PA | Mar 27, 2023 | abuse@ via IT-INTERBUSINESS-20040810 |
| └ 85.46.8.16/30 | 4 | ISTITUTODIISTRUZIONESUPERIOREVINCENZOLANCIA | Istituto di Istruzione Superiore Vincenzo Lancia | ASSIGNED PA | Mar 14, 2023 | abuse@ via IT-INTERBUSINESS-20040810 |
| └ 85.46.8.20/30 | 4 | ACQUIENERGIASPA | Acqui Energia S.P.A. | ASSIGNED PA | Mar 29, 2023 | abuse@ via IT-INTERBUSINESS-20040810 |
| └ 85.46.8.32/30 | 4 | CISASCONSORZIOINTERCOMUNALEPERISERVIZIDIASSISTE | C.I.S.A.S. Consorzio Intercomunale PER I Servizi di Assiste | ASSIGNED PA | Apr 3, 2023 | abuse@ via IT-INTERBUSINESS-20040810 |
| └ 85.46.8.40/30 | 4 | SERVICENET21SRL | SERVICENET21 S.R.L. | ASSIGNED PA | Mar 8, 2024 | abuse@ via IT-INTERBUSINESS-20040810 |
| └ 85.46.8.48/29 | 8 | DATAMANAGEMENTITALIASPA | Datamanagement Italia SPA | ASSIGNED PA | Nov 21, 2024 | abuse@ via IT-INTERBUSINESS-20040810 |
| └ 85.46.8.56/30 | 4 | REGO2ROMANINIMECCANICASRL | REGO2 Romanini Meccanica S.R.L. | ASSIGNED PA | Jun 22, 2023 | abuse@ via IT-INTERBUSINESS-20040810 |
| └ 85.46.8.80/29 | 8 | EUROPAMSPA | Europam S.P.A. | ASSIGNED PA | May 9, 2023 | abuse@ via IT-INTERBUSINESS-20040810 |
| └ 85.46.8.112/28 | 16 | STURLASRL | Sturla S.R.L. | ASSIGNED PA | Jan 19, 2017 | abuse@ via IT-INTERBUSINESS-20040810 |
| └ 85.46.8.212/30 | 4 | FONDALPRESSSPA | Fondalpress SPA | ASSIGNED PA | Jan 19, 2017 | abuse@ via IT-INTERBUSINESS-20040810 |
| └ 85.46.9.48/30 | 4 | MINERALIINDUSTRIALISPA | Minerali Industriali S.P.A. | ASSIGNED PA | Jul 19, 2016 | abuse@ via IT-INTERBUSINESS-20040810 |
| └ 85.46.9.80/29 | 8 | CONFARTIGIANATOIMPRESEVERCELLIUNIONEARTIGIANIDIVERCELLI | Confartigianato Imprese Vercelli - Unione Artigiani di Vercelli | ASSIGNED PA | May 27, 2016 | abuse@ via IT-INTERBUSINESS-20040810 |
| └ 85.46.9.88/30 | 4 | COMUNEDIVERBANIA | Comune di Verbania | ASSIGNED PA | Aug 3, 2016 | abuse@ via IT-INTERBUSINESS-20040810 |
| └ 85.46.9.92/30 | 4 | FARMACIADANOVIDIDANOVIGIANLUCA | Farmacia Danovi di Danovi Gian-Luca | ASSIGNED PA | Feb 27, 2018 | abuse@ via IT-INTERBUSINESS-20040810 |
| └ 85.46.9.120/29 | 8 | PROCURADELLAREPUBBLICA | Procura Della Repubblica | ASSIGNED PA | Nov 28, 2017 | abuse@ via IT-INTERBUSINESS-20040810 |
| └ 85.46.9.184/30 | 4 | TDCOMMERCIALESASDITUVERIMATTEOC | TD Commerciale S.A.S. di Tuveri Matteo & C. | ASSIGNED PA | Mar 25, 2019 | abuse@ via IT-INTERBUSINESS-20040810 |
| └ 85.46.9.188/30 | 4 | CAGNASSOLACSRLASSICURAZIONI | Cagnassola & C. S.R.L. - Assicurazioni | ASSIGNED PA | Mar 29, 2019 | abuse@ via IT-INTERBUSINESS-20040810 |
| └ 85.46.9.208/29 | 8 | PANIATEDIPANIATELUCIANOECSNC | Paniate di Paniate Luciano e C. S.N.C. | ASSIGNED PA | Sep 7, 2016 | abuse@ via IT-INTERBUSINESS-20040810 |
| └ 85.46.9.236/30 | 4 | MISSONISPA | Missoni SPA | ASSIGNED PA | Feb 27, 2019 | abuse@ via IT-INTERBUSINESS-20040810 |
| └ 85.46.9.240/30 | 4 | SCAMTOWERSPACKAGEEQUIPMENTSRL | Scam Towers Package Equipment S.R.L. | ASSIGNED PA | Jan 21, 2019 | abuse@ via IT-INTERBUSINESS-20040810 |
| └ 85.46.10.0/24 | 256 | INTERBUSINESS | Telecom Italia SPA | ASSIGNED PA | Jul 14, 2005 | abuse@ via IT-INTERBUSINESS-20040810 |
| └ 85.46.11.0/24 | 256 | INTERBUSINESS | Telecom Italia SPA | ASSIGNED PA | Jul 14, 2005 | abuse@ via IT-INTERBUSINESS-20040810 |
| └ 85.46.12.8/29 | 8 | RENCOMSRL | Rencom SRL | ASSIGNED PA | May 21, 2014 | abuse@ via IT-INTERBUSINESS-20040810 |
| └ 85.46.12.28/30 | 4 | TRACESRL | Trace SRL | ASSIGNED PA | May 19, 2014 | abuse@ via IT-INTERBUSINESS-20040810 |
| └ 85.46.12.32/29 | 8 | SAFITFERRAMENTAITALIANATORINOSRL | Safit Ferramenta Italiana Torino SRL | ASSIGNED PA | May 19, 2014 | abuse@ via IT-INTERBUSINESS-20040810 |
| └ 85.46.12.48/30 | 4 | AXEASAS | Axea S.A.S. | ASSIGNED PA | Apr 11, 2017 | abuse@ via IT-INTERBUSINESS-20040810 |
| └ 85.46.12.88/29 | 8 | SEFARITALIASRL | Sefar Italia SRL | ASSIGNED PA | Sep 13, 2018 | abuse@ via IT-INTERBUSINESS-20040810 |
| └ 85.46.12.96/30 | 4 | TLMPACKAGINGDIVISIONSRL | TLM Packaging Division SRL | ASSIGNED PA | Mar 13, 2018 | abuse@ via IT-INTERBUSINESS-20040810 |
| └ 85.46.12.100/30 | 4 | SMSRL | SM SRL | ASSIGNED PA | May 2, 2016 | abuse@ via IT-INTERBUSINESS-20040810 |
| └ 85.46.12.120/30 | 4 | BALMASDIOLIVEROGIOVANNI | Balmas di Olivero Giovanni | ASSIGNED PA | Feb 22, 2017 | abuse@ via IT-INTERBUSINESS-20040810 |
| └ 85.46.12.140/30 | 4 | FASTCARGOSRL | Fast Cargo SRL | ASSIGNED PA | Feb 22, 2017 | abuse@ via IT-INTERBUSINESS-20040810 |
| └ 85.46.12.144/29 | 8 | ARTIGRAFICHEBMSRL | Arti Grafiche B.M. SRL | ASSIGNED PA | May 21, 2014 | abuse@ via IT-INTERBUSINESS-20040810 |
| └ 85.46.12.156/30 | 4 | CERRIGIULIO | Cerri Giulio | ASSIGNED PA | Sep 13, 2017 | abuse@ via IT-INTERBUSINESS-20040810 |
| └ 85.46.12.176/29 | 8 | LOUVINPAOLO | Louvin Paolo | ASSIGNED PA | May 23, 2014 | abuse@ via IT-INTERBUSINESS-20040810 |
| └ 85.46.12.208/30 | 4 | AEAPPARECCHIATUREELETTRONICHEDIMAGNAPANEECSA | A.E. Apparecchiature Elettroniche di Magnapane e C SA | ASSIGNED PA | Feb 24, 2017 | abuse@ via IT-INTERBUSINESS-20040810 |
| └ 85.46.12.244/30 | 4 | TELECOMITALIASPA | Telecom Italia SPA | ASSIGNED PA | Oct 20, 2017 | abuse@ via IT-INTERBUSINESS-20040810 |
| └ 85.46.13.0/24 | 256 | INTERBUSINESS | Telecom Italia SPA | ASSIGNED PA | May 21, 2014 | abuse@ via IT-INTERBUSINESS-20040810 |
| └ 85.46.14.0/24 | 256 | INTERBUSINESS | Telecom Italia SPA | ASSIGNED PA | Sep 5, 2005 | abuse@ via IT-INTERBUSINESS-20040810 |
| └ 85.46.15.0/24 | 256 | INTERBUSINESS | Telecom Italia SPA | ASSIGNED PA | Mar 10, 2006 | abuse@ via IT-INTERBUSINESS-20040810 |
| └ 85.46.16.8/29 | 8 | DINOBISRL | Dino-BI SRL | ASSIGNED PA | Jul 20, 2005 | abuse@ via IT-INTERBUSINESS-20040810 |
| └ 85.46.16.16/29 | 8 | SGMDISTRIBUZIONESRL | S.G.M. Distribuzione S.R.L. | ASSIGNED PA | Jul 20, 2005 | abuse@ via IT-INTERBUSINESS-20040810 |
| └ 85.46.16.24/29 | 8 | MOTOROLAMOBILITYITALIASRL | Motorola Mobility Italia SRL | ASSIGNED PA | Jul 20, 2005 | abuse@ via IT-INTERBUSINESS-20040810 |
| └ 85.46.16.32/29 | 8 | INTERNATIONALMACCHINEUTENSILISPA | International Macchine Utensili SPA | ASSIGNED PA | Jul 20, 2005 | abuse@ via IT-INTERBUSINESS-20040810 |
| └ 85.46.16.48/29 | 8 | SELFORSPA | Selfor S.P.A. | ASSIGNED PA | Jul 20, 2005 | abuse@ via IT-INTERBUSINESS-20040810 |
| └ 85.46.16.80/29 | 8 | MEWASRL | Mewa SRL | ASSIGNED PA | Mar 15, 2007 | abuse@ via IT-INTERBUSINESS-20040810 |
| └ 85.46.16.104/29 | 8 | ANGELORANDAZZOSPA | Angelo Randazzo S.P.A. | ASSIGNED PA | Jul 21, 2005 | abuse@ via IT-INTERBUSINESS-20040810 |
| └ 85.46.16.112/29 | 8 | PESRL | 'P.E.' S.R.L. | ASSIGNED PA | Jul 21, 2005 | abuse@ via IT-INTERBUSINESS-20040810 |
| └ 85.46.16.120/29 | 8 | TATASTEELINTERNATIONALITALIASRL | Tata Steel International (Italia) S.R.L. | ASSIGNED PA | Jul 21, 2005 | abuse@ via IT-INTERBUSINESS-20040810 |
| └ 85.46.16.128/29 | 8 | PROFESSIONALBYFAMASNC | Professional BY Fama SNC | ASSIGNED PA | Aug 20, 2005 | abuse@ via IT-INTERBUSINESS-20040810 |
| └ 85.46.16.136/29 | 8 | ZINCHERIAMUSSOSRL | Zincheria Musso SRL | ASSIGNED PA | Jul 22, 2005 | abuse@ via IT-INTERBUSINESS-20040810 |
| └ 85.46.16.144/29 | 8 | ASCOTLCSPA | Asco TLC SPA | ASSIGNED PA | Jul 22, 2005 | abuse@ via IT-INTERBUSINESS-20040810 |
| └ 85.46.16.152/29 | 8 | SABASPABULLONERIAAFFI | S.A.B.A.SPA Bulloneria Affi | ASSIGNED PA | Jul 22, 2005 | abuse@ via IT-INTERBUSINESS-20040810 |
| └ 85.46.16.160/29 | 8 | FIORAVANTISRL | Fioravanti SRL | ASSIGNED PA | Jul 22, 2005 | abuse@ via IT-INTERBUSINESS-20040810 |
| └ 85.46.16.168/29 | 8 | SICOMITALIASRLSOCIETAINDUSTRIALECOMMERCIALE | Sicom Italia SRL Societa' Industriale Commerciale | ASSIGNED PA | Jul 22, 2005 | abuse@ via IT-INTERBUSINESS-20040810 |
| └ 85.46.16.176/28 | 16 | AUBERTDUVALITALIASRL | Aubert Duval Italia SRL | ASSIGNED PA | Jul 22, 2005 | abuse@ via IT-INTERBUSINESS-20040810 |
| └ 85.46.16.192/28 | 16 | SIDESSPA | Sides SPA | ASSIGNED PA | Jul 22, 2005 | abuse@ via IT-INTERBUSINESS-20040810 |
| └ 85.46.16.208/29 | 8 | SOCITALIANAPRODOTTIALIMEN | SOC. Italiana Prodotti Alimen | ASSIGNED PA | Jul 26, 2005 | abuse@ via IT-INTERBUSINESS-20040810 |
| └ 85.46.16.216/29 | 8 | VALCAVALLINASERVIZISRL | VAL Cavallina Servizi S.R.L. | ASSIGNED PA | Aug 5, 2005 | abuse@ via IT-INTERBUSINESS-20040810 |
| └ 85.46.16.224/29 | 8 | MATRIXSPA | Matrix SPA | ASSIGNED PA | Jul 22, 2005 | abuse@ via IT-INTERBUSINESS-20040810 |
| └ 85.46.16.232/29 | 8 | MANAGERITALIASERVIZISRL | Manageritalia Servizi S.R.L. | ASSIGNED PA | Mar 15, 2007 | abuse@ via IT-INTERBUSINESS-20040810 |
| └ 85.46.16.240/29 | 8 | ATTREZZERIAPAGANELLISPA | Attrezzeria Paganelli SPA | ASSIGNED PA | Jul 22, 2005 | abuse@ via IT-INTERBUSINESS-20040810 |
| └ 85.46.17.0/29 | 8 | SOGETRASSPA | Sogetras SPA | ASSIGNED PA | Jul 22, 2005 | abuse@ via IT-INTERBUSINESS-20040810 |
| └ 85.46.17.24/29 | 8 | SUDMILANESESOCIETADINTER | SUD Milanese Societa' D'inter | ASSIGNED PA | Jul 22, 2005 | abuse@ via IT-INTERBUSINESS-20040810 |
| └ 85.46.17.48/29 | 8 | CONSOLVINGSRL | Consolving SRL | ASSIGNED PA | Jul 22, 2005 | abuse@ via IT-INTERBUSINESS-20040810 |
| └ 85.46.17.56/29 | 8 | GTRSRL | G.T.R. S.R.L | ASSIGNED PA | Jul 22, 2005 | abuse@ via IT-INTERBUSINESS-20040810 |
| └ 85.46.17.88/29 | 8 | COMUNEDINEMBRO | Comune di Nembro | ASSIGNED PA | Jul 22, 2005 | abuse@ via IT-INTERBUSINESS-20040810 |
| └ 85.46.17.104/29 | 8 | METALFERSRL | Metalfer S R.L. | ASSIGNED PA | Aug 1, 2005 | abuse@ via IT-INTERBUSINESS-20040810 |
| └ 85.46.17.112/29 | 8 | GALLOANDREA | Gallo Andrea | ASSIGNED PA | Jul 22, 2005 | abuse@ via IT-INTERBUSINESS-20040810 |
| └ 85.46.17.120/29 | 8 | LITOSERVICESRL | Litoservice SRL | ASSIGNED PA | Aug 8, 2005 | abuse@ via IT-INTERBUSINESS-20040810 |
| └ 85.46.17.128/29 | 8 | KOELLIKERGESTIONISPA | Koelliker Gestioni SPA | ASSIGNED PA | Jul 22, 2005 | abuse@ via IT-INTERBUSINESS-20040810 |
| └ 85.46.17.144/29 | 8 | ISTITUTODITUTELAEDASSISTENZALAVORATORI | Istituto di Tutela ED Assistenza Lavoratori | ASSIGNED PA | Aug 29, 2005 | abuse@ via IT-INTERBUSINESS-20040810 |
| └ 85.46.17.160/28 | 16 | GLOMAXSRL | Glomax SRL | ASSIGNED PA | Jul 22, 2005 | abuse@ via IT-INTERBUSINESS-20040810 |
| └ 85.46.17.176/29 | 8 | GUARNITECGROUPSRL | Guarnitec Group SRL | ASSIGNED PA | Jul 22, 2005 | abuse@ via IT-INTERBUSINESS-20040810 |
| └ 85.46.17.216/29 | 8 | FORMULAONEMANAGEMENTBRITIS | Formula One Management Britis | ASSIGNED PA | Aug 1, 2005 | abuse@ via IT-INTERBUSINESS-20040810 |
| └ 85.46.17.224/28 | 16 | SOCITALIANAPRODOTTIALIMEN | SOC. Italiana Prodotti Alimen | ASSIGNED PA | Aug 1, 2005 | abuse@ via IT-INTERBUSINESS-20040810 |
| └ 85.46.17.240/29 | 8 | GRUPPODIFALCOSRL | Gruppo di Falco SRL | ASSIGNED PA | Jul 28, 2010 | abuse@ via IT-INTERBUSINESS-20040810 |
| └ 85.46.17.248/29 | 8 | SOCITALIANAPRODOTTIALIMEN | SOC. Italiana Prodotti Alimen | ASSIGNED PA | Jul 25, 2005 | abuse@ via IT-INTERBUSINESS-20040810 |
| └ 85.46.18.0/29 | 8 | FISKARSBRANDSITALIASRL | Fiskars Brands Italia S.R.L. | ASSIGNED PA | Jul 28, 2010 | abuse@ via IT-INTERBUSINESS-20040810 |
| └ 85.46.18.8/29 | 8 | DICISRL | Di CI S.R.L. | ASSIGNED PA | Jul 26, 2005 | abuse@ via IT-INTERBUSINESS-20040810 |
| └ 85.46.18.16/29 | 8 | GHIARONIECSASDIGHIARONITOMMASO | Ghiaroni e C.SAS di Ghiaroni Tommaso | ASSIGNED PA | Jul 26, 2005 | abuse@ via IT-INTERBUSINESS-20040810 |
| └ 85.46.18.24/29 | 8 | AGRESSRL | Agres S.R.L. | ASSIGNED PA | Aug 1, 2005 | abuse@ via IT-INTERBUSINESS-20040810 |
| └ 85.46.18.32/29 | 8 | STJUDEMEDICALITALIASPA | ST.JUDE Medical Italia SPA | ASSIGNED PA | Jul 26, 2005 | abuse@ via IT-INTERBUSINESS-20040810 |
| └ 85.46.18.40/29 | 8 | TABUSPA | Tabu S.P.A. | ASSIGNED PA | Jul 25, 2005 | abuse@ via IT-INTERBUSINESS-20040810 |
| └ 85.46.18.56/29 | 8 | PELLEGRINISPA | Pellegrini SPA | ASSIGNED PA | Jul 26, 2005 | abuse@ via IT-INTERBUSINESS-20040810 |
| └ 85.46.18.64/29 | 8 | THERMOINFISSISRL | Thermo-Infissi SRL | ASSIGNED PA | Jul 26, 2005 | abuse@ via IT-INTERBUSINESS-20040810 |
| └ 85.46.18.72/29 | 8 | CANALICSRL | Canali & C. SRL | ASSIGNED PA | Jul 26, 2005 | abuse@ via IT-INTERBUSINESS-20040810 |
| └ 85.46.18.80/29 | 8 | ATTREZZERIAPAGANELLISPA | Attrezzeria Paganelli SPA | ASSIGNED PA | Jul 25, 2005 | abuse@ via IT-INTERBUSINESS-20040810 |
| └ 85.46.18.88/29 | 8 | TRANSAVIASRL | Transavia SRL | ASSIGNED PA | Jul 25, 2005 | abuse@ via IT-INTERBUSINESS-20040810 |
| └ 85.46.18.104/29 | 8 | AUGUSTACOPLC | Augusta & Co PLC | ASSIGNED PA | Jun 16, 2011 | abuse@ via IT-INTERBUSINESS-20040810 |
| └ 85.46.18.112/29 | 8 | AIFSRL | A.I.F. S.R.L. | ASSIGNED PA | Jul 25, 2005 | abuse@ via IT-INTERBUSINESS-20040810 |
| └ 85.46.18.120/29 | 8 | MTVITALIASRL | MTV Italia S.R.L. | ASSIGNED PA | Jul 25, 2005 | abuse@ via IT-INTERBUSINESS-20040810 |
| └ 85.46.18.128/29 | 8 | STAVSERVIZITRASPORTI | S.T.A.V. - Servizi Trasporti | ASSIGNED PA | Jul 25, 2005 | abuse@ via IT-INTERBUSINESS-20040810 |
| └ 85.46.18.136/29 | 8 | UNIONSERVICESERVIZIPERLAGRICOLTURASURL | Unionservice Servizi PER L'agricoltura Surl | ASSIGNED PA | Sep 7, 2005 | abuse@ via IT-INTERBUSINESS-20040810 |
| └ 85.46.18.144/29 | 8 | PARKERHANNIFINSPA | Parker Hannifin SPA | ASSIGNED PA | Jul 25, 2005 | abuse@ via IT-INTERBUSINESS-20040810 |
| └ 85.46.18.152/29 | 8 | ARICODELEOSRL | Arico' de LEO SRL | ASSIGNED PA | Mar 16, 2007 | abuse@ via IT-INTERBUSINESS-20040810 |
| └ 85.46.18.160/29 | 8 | STAVSERVIZITRASPORTIAUTOMOBILISTICISPA | S.T.A.V. - Servizi Trasporti Automobilistici S.P.A. | ASSIGNED PA | Jul 25, 2005 | abuse@ via IT-INTERBUSINESS-20040810 |
| └ 85.46.18.168/30 | 4 | COMUNEDIMISSAGLIA | Comune di Missaglia | ASSIGNED PA | Aug 29, 2005 | abuse@ via IT-INTERBUSINESS-20040810 |
| └ 85.46.18.172/30 | 4 | ZMDSPA | Z.M.D. SPA | ASSIGNED PA | Jul 25, 2005 | abuse@ via IT-INTERBUSINESS-20040810 |
| └ 85.46.18.176/29 | 8 | UKIYOSRL | UKI YO S.R.L. | ASSIGNED PA | Jul 25, 2005 | abuse@ via IT-INTERBUSINESS-20040810 |
| └ 85.46.18.184/29 | 8 | ISTITUTODISTRUZIONESUPERIOREDIBISUSCHIO | Istituto D'istruzione Superiore di Bisuschio | ASSIGNED PA | Jul 25, 2005 | abuse@ via IT-INTERBUSINESS-20040810 |
| └ 85.46.18.192/29 | 8 | REVICARTSRL | Revicart SRL | ASSIGNED PA | Jul 25, 2005 | abuse@ via IT-INTERBUSINESS-20040810 |
| └ 85.46.18.208/29 | 8 | GLOBALLIFTCONTROLLERSRL | Global Lift Controller SRL | ASSIGNED PA | Jul 25, 2005 | abuse@ via IT-INTERBUSINESS-20040810 |
| └ 85.46.18.224/29 | 8 | DGSRL | D G SRL | ASSIGNED PA | Mar 16, 2007 | abuse@ via IT-INTERBUSINESS-20040810 |
| └ 85.46.18.232/29 | 8 | SERVICEWEBSRL | Serviceweb SRL | ASSIGNED PA | Jul 25, 2005 | abuse@ via IT-INTERBUSINESS-20040810 |
| └ 85.46.19.0/29 | 8 | EDILPROGRAMSRL | Edilprogram S.R.L. | ASSIGNED PA | Jul 25, 2005 | abuse@ via IT-INTERBUSINESS-20040810 |
| └ 85.46.19.8/29 | 8 | CALISPEDSRL | Calisped SRL | ASSIGNED PA | Jul 25, 2005 | abuse@ via IT-INTERBUSINESS-20040810 |
| └ 85.46.19.16/29 | 8 | UTENSILERIAFAVRINSRL | Utensileria Favrin SRL | ASSIGNED PA | Jul 25, 2005 | abuse@ via IT-INTERBUSINESS-20040810 |
| └ 85.46.19.32/29 | 8 | FONDAZIONEFRATELLIPAOLOETITOMOLINAONLUS | Fondazione Fratelli Paolo e Tito Molina Onlus | ASSIGNED PA | Jul 25, 2005 | abuse@ via IT-INTERBUSINESS-20040810 |
| └ 85.46.19.56/29 | 8 | CTACOSTRUTTORITERMOTECNICIASSOCIATISRL | CTA Costruttori Termotecnici Associati SRL | ASSIGNED PA | Jul 25, 2005 | abuse@ via IT-INTERBUSINESS-20040810 |
| └ 85.46.19.64/29 | 8 | GIUSEPPECITTERIOSALUMIFICIOSPA | Giuseppe Citterio Salumificio S.P.A. | ASSIGNED PA | Aug 29, 2005 | abuse@ via IT-INTERBUSINESS-20040810 |
| └ 85.46.19.72/29 | 8 | ENTEGIURIDICOISTITUTOMARIAAUSILIATRICEDELLESALESIANEDIDONBOSCO | Ente Giuridico Istituto Maria Ausiliatrice Delle Salesiane di DON Bosco | ASSIGNED PA | Mar 15, 2007 | abuse@ via IT-INTERBUSINESS-20040810 |
| └ 85.46.19.80/29 | 8 | CASADISPEDIZIONISCRISTOFOR | Casa di Spedizioni S.CRISTOFOR | ASSIGNED PA | Aug 11, 2005 | abuse@ via IT-INTERBUSINESS-20040810 |
| └ 85.46.19.88/29 | 8 | CPLCONCORDIASOCCOOPAR | CPL Concordia SOC. Coop. A R. | ASSIGNED PA | Aug 2, 2005 | abuse@ via IT-INTERBUSINESS-20040810 |
| └ 85.46.19.96/29 | 8 | ITALYBYCARSPA | Italy BY CAR S.P.A. | ASSIGNED PA | Jul 26, 2005 | abuse@ via IT-INTERBUSINESS-20040810 |
| └ 85.46.19.104/29 | 8 | MAYASPA | Maya S.P.A. | ASSIGNED PA | Jul 26, 2005 | abuse@ via IT-INTERBUSINESS-20040810 |
| └ 85.46.19.120/29 | 8 | CURVINOXSRL | Curvinox S.R.L. | ASSIGNED PA | Jul 26, 2005 | abuse@ via IT-INTERBUSINESS-20040810 |
| └ 85.46.19.136/29 | 8 | GIANNONISPA | Giannoni SPA | ASSIGNED PA | Mar 15, 2007 | abuse@ via IT-INTERBUSINESS-20040810 |
| └ 85.46.19.144/29 | 8 | CODIVASRL | Codiva S.R.L. | ASSIGNED PA | Jul 26, 2005 | abuse@ via IT-INTERBUSINESS-20040810 |
| └ 85.46.19.152/29 | 8 | FGAFABBRICAGRIGLIEAERAZI | F.G.A. Fabbrica Griglie Aerazi | ASSIGNED PA | Jul 26, 2005 | abuse@ via IT-INTERBUSINESS-20040810 |
| └ 85.46.19.160/29 | 8 | MEDIC4ALLITALIASPA | MEDIC4ALL Italia S.P.A. | ASSIGNED PA | Jul 26, 2005 | abuse@ via IT-INTERBUSINESS-20040810 |
| └ 85.46.19.168/29 | 8 | CLINICACASTELLISPA | Clinica Castelli SPA | ASSIGNED PA | Jul 26, 2005 | abuse@ via IT-INTERBUSINESS-20040810 |
| └ 85.46.19.176/29 | 8 | LISCORSPA | Liscor SPA | ASSIGNED PA | Jul 26, 2005 | abuse@ via IT-INTERBUSINESS-20040810 |
| └ 85.46.19.184/29 | 8 | ALTEASRL | Altea S.R.L. | ASSIGNED PA | Jul 26, 2005 | abuse@ via IT-INTERBUSINESS-20040810 |
| └ 85.46.19.192/29 | 8 | EXTERNASRL | Externa SRL | ASSIGNED PA | Aug 20, 2005 | abuse@ via IT-INTERBUSINESS-20040810 |
| └ 85.46.19.200/29 | 8 | CASAEDITRICEGPRINCIPATOSPA | Casa Editrice G. Principato SPA | ASSIGNED PA | Aug 3, 2005 | abuse@ via IT-INTERBUSINESS-20040810 |
| └ 85.46.19.208/29 | 8 | SUNCLEARSRL | Sunclear S.R.L. | ASSIGNED PA | Jul 26, 2005 | abuse@ via IT-INTERBUSINESS-20040810 |
| └ 85.46.19.216/29 | 8 | COOPERATIVASOCIALECOOPSELIOSSOCIETACOOPERATIVA | Cooperativa Sociale Coopselios Societa' Cooperativa | ASSIGNED PA | Jul 26, 2005 | abuse@ via IT-INTERBUSINESS-20040810 |
| └ 85.46.19.232/29 | 8 | ORDESALOGISTICASRL | Ordesa Logistica SRL | ASSIGNED PA | Aug 1, 2005 | abuse@ via IT-INTERBUSINESS-20040810 |
| └ 85.46.19.240/29 | 8 | TELECOMCAPITALEXPRESSSRL | Telecom Capital Express SRL | ASSIGNED PA | Mar 16, 2007 | abuse@ via IT-INTERBUSINESS-20040810 |
| └ 85.46.19.248/29 | 8 | FERRAMENTAPAOLOMACCECCHINISRL | Ferramenta Paolo Maccecchini SRL | ASSIGNED PA | Jul 26, 2005 | abuse@ via IT-INTERBUSINESS-20040810 |
| └ 85.46.20.0/29 | 8 | LANCIAALESSANDRO | Lancia Alessandro | ASSIGNED PA | Aug 1, 2005 | abuse@ via IT-INTERBUSINESS-20040810 |
| └ 85.46.20.8/29 | 8 | ORDESALOGISTICASRL | Ordesa Logistica SRL | ASSIGNED PA | Aug 2, 2005 | abuse@ via IT-INTERBUSINESS-20040810 |
| └ 85.46.20.16/29 | 8 | ORDESALOGISTICASRL | Ordesa Logistica SRL | ASSIGNED PA | Aug 1, 2005 | abuse@ via IT-INTERBUSINESS-20040810 |
| └ 85.46.20.24/29 | 8 | SERVICECOLORSRL | Service Color S.R.L. | ASSIGNED PA | Jul 26, 2005 | abuse@ via IT-INTERBUSINESS-20040810 |
| └ 85.46.20.32/29 | 8 | TEMATECNOLOGIESANDMATERI | Tema - Tecnologies and Materi | ASSIGNED PA | Jul 26, 2005 | abuse@ via IT-INTERBUSINESS-20040810 |
| └ 85.46.20.40/29 | 8 | DIREZIONEDIDATTICASTATALE1 | Direzione Didattica Statale 1 | ASSIGNED PA | Aug 11, 2005 | abuse@ via IT-INTERBUSINESS-20040810 |
| └ 85.46.20.48/29 | 8 | DEUGROITALIASRL | Deugro (Italia) SRL | ASSIGNED PA | Aug 2, 2005 | abuse@ via IT-INTERBUSINESS-20040810 |
| └ 85.46.20.72/29 | 8 | BARUFFALDIPREISFRANZWILHELM | Baruffaldi Preis Franz Wilhelm | ASSIGNED PA | Aug 11, 2005 | abuse@ via IT-INTERBUSINESS-20040810 |
| └ 85.46.20.80/29 | 8 | NETORANGESRL | Netorange S.R.L. | ASSIGNED PA | Aug 1, 2005 | abuse@ via IT-INTERBUSINESS-20040810 |
| └ 85.46.20.88/29 | 8 | ATTREZZERIAPAGANELLISPA | Attrezzeria Paganelli SPA | ASSIGNED PA | Jul 26, 2005 | abuse@ via IT-INTERBUSINESS-20040810 |
| └ 85.46.20.104/29 | 8 | POLISMANIFATTURECERAMICHES | Polis Manifatture Ceramiche S | ASSIGNED PA | Jul 26, 2005 | abuse@ via IT-INTERBUSINESS-20040810 |
| └ 85.46.20.112/29 | 8 | SERVICEWEBSRL | Serviceweb SRL | ASSIGNED PA | Jun 13, 2011 | abuse@ via IT-INTERBUSINESS-20040810 |
| └ 85.46.20.120/29 | 8 | GLOBEGROUNDITALIASRL | Globeground Italia SRL | ASSIGNED PA | Jun 10, 2011 | abuse@ via IT-INTERBUSINESS-20040810 |
| └ 85.46.20.128/28 | 16 | TELECOMITALIASPA | Telecom Italia SPA | ASSIGNED PA | Jul 26, 2005 | abuse@ via IT-INTERBUSINESS-20040810 |
| └ 85.46.20.144/29 | 8 | UNISONSRL | Unison SRL | ASSIGNED PA | Jul 26, 2005 | abuse@ via IT-INTERBUSINESS-20040810 |
| └ 85.46.20.152/29 | 8 | COMTELSRL | COM.TEL S.R.L. | ASSIGNED PA | Sep 18, 2005 | abuse@ via IT-INTERBUSINESS-20040810 |
| └ 85.46.20.160/29 | 8 | ARTECASRL | AR.TE.CA. SRL | ASSIGNED PA | Jul 26, 2005 | abuse@ via IT-INTERBUSINESS-20040810 |
| └ 85.46.20.168/29 | 8 | GUYSANDSPA | GUY Sand SPA | ASSIGNED PA | Jul 26, 2005 | abuse@ via IT-INTERBUSINESS-20040810 |
| └ 85.46.20.176/29 | 8 | SICMISRL | S.I.C.M.I. SRL | ASSIGNED PA | Aug 1, 2005 | abuse@ via IT-INTERBUSINESS-20040810 |
| └ 85.46.20.192/29 | 8 | POLYEXPRESSSASSERVIZIMARKETINGDIAGRATINICOLA | Poly Express S.A.S. - Servizi Marketing di Agrati Nicola | ASSIGNED PA | Jul 27, 2005 | abuse@ via IT-INTERBUSINESS-20040810 |
| └ 85.46.20.200/29 | 8 | SICONOILGASSRL | Sicon OIL GAS SRL | ASSIGNED PA | Jul 27, 2005 | abuse@ via IT-INTERBUSINESS-20040810 |
| └ 85.46.20.208/29 | 8 | PACIAENZOGIUSEPPE | Paciaenzo Giuseppe | ASSIGNED PA | Jul 27, 2005 | abuse@ via IT-INTERBUSINESS-20040810 |
| └ 85.46.20.216/29 | 8 | SARAASSICURAZIONISPA | Sara Assicurazioni SPA | ASSIGNED PA | Mar 16, 2007 | abuse@ via IT-INTERBUSINESS-20040810 |
| └ 85.46.20.224/29 | 8 | HUYCKITALIASPA | Huyck Italia S P A | ASSIGNED PA | Jul 27, 2005 | abuse@ via IT-INTERBUSINESS-20040810 |
| └ 85.46.20.232/29 | 8 | ISPITALIASRL | ISP Italia S.R.L. | ASSIGNED PA | Jul 27, 2005 | abuse@ via IT-INTERBUSINESS-20040810 |
| └ 85.46.20.248/29 | 8 | COMUNEDIMULAZZANO | Comune di Mulazzano | ASSIGNED PA | Dec 14, 2005 | abuse@ via IT-INTERBUSINESS-20040810 |
| └ 85.46.21.0/29 | 8 | ADFORSPA | Adfor SPA | ASSIGNED PA | Jul 27, 2005 | abuse@ via IT-INTERBUSINESS-20040810 |
| └ 85.46.21.32/29 | 8 | FORMECBIFFISPA | Formec Biffi SPA | ASSIGNED PA | Aug 3, 2005 | abuse@ via IT-INTERBUSINESS-20040810 |
| └ 85.46.21.40/29 | 8 | CREATIVEFLAVOURSFRAGRANCESSPA | Creative Flavours Fragrances S.P.A. | ASSIGNED PA | Mar 16, 2007 | abuse@ via IT-INTERBUSINESS-20040810 |
| └ 85.46.21.48/29 | 8 | CREATIVEFLAVOURSFRAGRANCES | Creative Flavours Fragrances | ASSIGNED PA | Jul 27, 2005 | abuse@ via IT-INTERBUSINESS-20040810 |
| └ 85.46.21.56/29 | 8 | SANTAGOSTINOGIANFRANCOCSNCDIMEESANTAGOSTINO | Sant'agostino Gianfranco & C. SNC di M. e e. Sant'agostino | ASSIGNED PA | Jul 27, 2005 | abuse@ via IT-INTERBUSINESS-20040810 |
| └ 85.46.21.64/28 | 16 | MARIONNAUDPARFUMERIESITALIA | Marionnaud Parfumeries Italia | ASSIGNED PA | Aug 3, 2005 | abuse@ via IT-INTERBUSINESS-20040810 |
| └ 85.46.21.80/29 | 8 | CALLCALLPAVIASRLUNIPERSO | Call Call Pavia SRL Uniperso | ASSIGNED PA | Aug 2, 2005 | abuse@ via IT-INTERBUSINESS-20040810 |
| └ 85.46.21.88/29 | 8 | PETROLPOLIMERISRL | Petrolpolimeri SRL | ASSIGNED PA | Aug 29, 2005 | abuse@ via IT-INTERBUSINESS-20040810 |
| └ 85.46.21.96/29 | 8 | TESSCOMITALIASRL | Tess-Com Italia SRL | ASSIGNED PA | Aug 2, 2005 | abuse@ via IT-INTERBUSINESS-20040810 |
| └ 85.46.21.104/29 | 8 | AZIENDATRASPORTIMILANESISPA | Azienda Trasporti Milanesi SPA | ASSIGNED PA | Jul 27, 2005 | abuse@ via IT-INTERBUSINESS-20040810 |
| └ 85.46.21.112/29 | 8 | GREENLINEFITNESSMILANO | Greenline Fitness Milano | ASSIGNED PA | Aug 4, 2010 | abuse@ via IT-INTERBUSINESS-20040810 |
| └ 85.46.21.120/29 | 8 | CLAMATRADESRL | Clama Trade SRL | ASSIGNED PA | Jul 27, 2005 | abuse@ via IT-INTERBUSINESS-20040810 |
| └ 85.46.21.128/29 | 8 | AZIENDATRASPORTIMILANESISP | Azienda Trasporti Milanesi SP | ASSIGNED PA | Jul 27, 2005 | abuse@ via IT-INTERBUSINESS-20040810 |
| └ 85.46.21.136/29 | 8 | SUMESRL | Sume SRL | ASSIGNED PA | Aug 26, 2005 | abuse@ via IT-INTERBUSINESS-20040810 |
| └ 85.46.21.144/29 | 8 | REAGSNCDIELIAAZZALINC | R.E.A.G. S.N.C. di Elia Azzalin & C. | ASSIGNED PA | Aug 20, 2005 | abuse@ via IT-INTERBUSINESS-20040810 |
| └ 85.46.21.152/29 | 8 | PPLASTSRLPLASTICPRO | P. Plast S.R.L. - Plastic Pro | ASSIGNED PA | Aug 20, 2005 | abuse@ via IT-INTERBUSINESS-20040810 |
| └ 85.46.21.160/29 | 8 | PPLASTSRLPLASTICPRO | P. Plast S.R.L. - Plastic Pro | ASSIGNED PA | Aug 20, 2005 | abuse@ via IT-INTERBUSINESS-20040810 |
| └ 85.46.21.168/29 | 8 | CASIRAGHICESARE | CASIRAGHICESARE | ASSIGNED PA | Aug 2, 2005 | abuse@ via IT-INTERBUSINESS-20040810 |
| └ 85.46.21.176/29 | 8 | CRCSRL | C.R.C. SRL | ASSIGNED PA | Aug 1, 2005 | abuse@ via IT-INTERBUSINESS-20040810 |
| └ 85.46.21.184/29 | 8 | SMARTCOMSRL | Smartcom S.R.L. | ASSIGNED PA | Aug 3, 2005 | abuse@ via IT-INTERBUSINESS-20040810 |
| └ 85.46.21.200/29 | 8 | CARROZZERIABUSNAGHESESNCDI | Carrozzeria Busnaghese SNC di | ASSIGNED PA | Jul 28, 2005 | abuse@ via IT-INTERBUSINESS-20040810 |
| └ 85.46.21.208/29 | 8 | TIMKENSPA | Timken S.P.A. | ASSIGNED PA | Jul 28, 2005 | abuse@ via IT-INTERBUSINESS-20040810 |
| └ 85.46.21.216/29 | 8 | ASSPERINTERVENTIASSISTENZ | ASS. PER Interventi Assistenz | ASSIGNED PA | Sep 21, 2005 | abuse@ via IT-INTERBUSINESS-20040810 |
| └ 85.46.21.224/29 | 8 | GIAKOVASRL | Giakova SRL | ASSIGNED PA | Jul 28, 2005 | abuse@ via IT-INTERBUSINESS-20040810 |
| └ 85.46.21.232/29 | 8 | STUDIORONDINELLASAS | Studio Rondinella SAS | ASSIGNED PA | Jul 28, 2005 | abuse@ via IT-INTERBUSINESS-20040810 |
| └ 85.46.21.248/29 | 8 | VIVIMILANOSRL | Vivi Milano SRL | ASSIGNED PA | Jun 14, 2011 | abuse@ via IT-INTERBUSINESS-20040810 |
| └ 85.46.22.0/29 | 8 | DELTASRL | Delta S.R.L. | ASSIGNED PA | Jun 13, 2011 | abuse@ via IT-INTERBUSINESS-20040810 |
| └ 85.46.22.16/29 | 8 | STUDIOLEGALEASSOCIATOGMA | Studio Legale Associato G. MA | ASSIGNED PA | Aug 1, 2005 | abuse@ via IT-INTERBUSINESS-20040810 |
| └ 85.46.22.24/29 | 8 | PROMOPAVESESRL | Promopavese SRL | ASSIGNED PA | Aug 2, 2005 | abuse@ via IT-INTERBUSINESS-20040810 |
| └ 85.46.22.40/29 | 8 | CENTROSERVIZISPORTSASDIZAMBLERACHRISTIANC | Centro Servizi Sport S.A.S di Zamblera Christian & C. | ASSIGNED PA | Mar 15, 2007 | abuse@ via IT-INTERBUSINESS-20040810 |
| └ 85.46.22.56/29 | 8 | COMUNEDILOVERE | Comune di Lovere | ASSIGNED PA | Jul 29, 2005 | abuse@ via IT-INTERBUSINESS-20040810 |
| └ 85.46.22.64/29 | 8 | ALCANETINTERNATIONALITALIAS | Alcanet International Italia S | ASSIGNED PA | Jul 29, 2005 | abuse@ via IT-INTERBUSINESS-20040810 |
| └ 85.46.22.72/29 | 8 | PROVCIALOMBARDADELLORDINE | PROV.CIA Lombarda Dell'ordine | ASSIGNED PA | Jul 29, 2005 | abuse@ via IT-INTERBUSINESS-20040810 |
| └ 85.46.22.80/29 | 8 | SEPEDITRICESRLCONSOCIOUNI | SEP Editrice SRL CON Socio UNI | ASSIGNED PA | Jul 29, 2005 | abuse@ via IT-INTERBUSINESS-20040810 |
| └ 85.46.22.88/29 | 8 | ALCANETINTERNATIONALITALIAS | Alcanet International Italia S | ASSIGNED PA | Jul 29, 2005 | abuse@ via IT-INTERBUSINESS-20040810 |
| └ 85.46.22.104/29 | 8 | AMMINISTRAZIONEIMMOBILISASDIBRUNOFAGIOLIC | Amministrazione Immobili SAS di Bruno Fagioli C. | ASSIGNED PA | Mar 5, 2007 | abuse@ via IT-INTERBUSINESS-20040810 |
A contact marked “via” is the registry's: the record names none of its own, so the registry hands down its parent's.
Composition
The types across the prefix's announced space, by addresses.
Announced space
Address share
Announced space
Types across the prefix
32,768 addresses
| Type | Addresses | Share | Ranges | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Business | 32,752 | >99% | 2,042 | |
| Mobile | 16 | 0.05% | 2 |
Network & registry
Origin network
AS3269
IT
- Name
- Telecom Italia S.p.A.
- Type
- Internet provider
- Registered
- Nov 14, 1994
- Domain
- telecomitalia.com
- Industry
- Computer and Information Technology
- Spamhaus ASN-DROP
- not listed
Routing timeline
Who has announced this prefix
Summary
Routing history
- Pattern
- Stable
- First seen
- Jun 2005
- Current origin since
- Jun 2005 · 21 yr
- Origin networks
- 1
IRR
Route objects on the exact prefix
| Origin | Registry | Description | Maintainer | Modified |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| AS3269 | RIPE | INTERBUSINESS | INTERB-MNT | Jul 17, 2017 |
IRR inside
Route objects inside
| Prefix | Origin | Registry | Description | Maintainer | Modified |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 85.46.0.0/19 | AS19905 | RADB | AC_TELECOMITA | MAINT-AS19905 | Nov 13, 2023 |
| 85.46.32.0/19 | AS19905 | RADB | AC_TELECOMITA | MAINT-AS19905 | Nov 13, 2023 |
| 85.46.64.0/19 | AS19905 | RADB | AC_TELECOMITA | MAINT-AS19905 | Nov 13, 2023 |
| 85.46.96.0/19 | AS19905 | RADB | AC_TELECOMITA | MAINT-AS19905 | Nov 13, 2023 |
Whois
Registration for this announcement
- Range
- 85.
32. 0. 0/ 12 - Netname
- IT-INTERBUSINESS-20040810
- Registrant
- Telecom Italia S.p.A.
- Registrant country
- IT
- Organization
- Telecom Italia S.p.A. (ORG-IA34-RIPE)
- Org country
- IT
- Type
- ALLOCATED PA
- Created
- Aug 10, 2004
- Updated
- Jul 11, 2016
- Maintainer
- RIPE-NCC-HM-MNT
- RIR
- RIPE NCC
- Country
- IT
- Delegated
- Aug 10, 2004
- Status
- assigned
Report abuse
Abuse contact
- abuse@
business. telecomitalia. it - Name
- Abuse Business TIM
- Handle
- ABT49-RIPE