Data as of Nov 12, 2026
103.108.231.64/28
1 anonymizer address · 6.3% · VPN2 residential-proxy exits · 30 daysHost Universal Pty Ltd · space held by FlowVPS
Residential-proxy exits
Proxy exits
2
13% of its addresses · 30 days
Providers
53
selling exits here
Oct 13, 2026 – Nov 11, 2026
Exits seen per day
8 observations
Proxy providers listing exits
- 711Proxy
- ASHBURNPROXIES
- Ake.net
- B2Proxy
- BirdProxies
- BottingTools
- Byteful
- CatProxies
- CliProxy
- Decodo
- EZProxies
- EnigmaProxy
- FLEETPROXY
- FastProxy
- FlashProxy
- FloppyData
- GloryCloud
- GoProxies
- IPFly
- IPMUSK
- IPPeak
- KindProxy
- KocerRoxy
- Kookey
- LudaxProxy
- MagneticProxy
- Maskify
- MoMoProxy
- NovProxy
- NovaProxy
- Novada
- Oxylabs
- PROXYSCRAPE
- PrivateProxy
- Proxiware
- ProxyEmpire
- ProxyRack
- ProxyWing
- PuraRoute
- Q2IP
- RainProxy
- RapidProxy
- RoamProxy
- SPYDERPROXY_PREMIUM
- SwiftProxy
- TalorData
- Thordata
- ThunderProxy
- TrueProxies
- VantageProxies
- VitalExclusive
- YumiProxy
- ZENPROXY_LITE
IPv4 market
Path
1 · Holder
2 · Leased from
not leased
Operators, sellers and brokers
VPN services
| Name | Parent | In 103.108.231.64/28 | /24s |
|---|---|---|---|
| Mullvad VPN | Mullvad VPN AB | 16.3% | 1 |
Registrations in this block
The registry's network records over this block, widest first, each under its parent.
| Range | Addresses | Netname | Holder | Type | Created | Abuse contact |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 103.108.228.0/22 | 1,024 | ALPHALAYER-AU | FlowVPS (ORG-ALPL1-AP) · AU | ALLOCATED PORTABLE | — | admin@ |
| └ 103.108.231.0/24 | 256 | HOSTUNIVERSAL | Host Universal Pty Ltd | ASSIGNED NON-PORTABLE | — | abuse@ |
Composition
The types across the prefix's announced space, by addresses.
Announced space
Address share
Announced space
Types across the prefix
16 addresses
| Type | Addresses | Share | Ranges | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hosting | 15 | 94% | 2 | |
| VPNanonymizer | 1 | 6.3% | 1 |
Network & registry
Announced by
Covering announcement 103.108.231.0/24
- Prefix
- 103.108.231.0/24
- Announced by
- AS136557 Host Universal Pty Ltd
- Type
- Hosting
- Anonymizer addresses
- 6 addresses · 2.3%VPN
- Operator
- VPN servicesoperated by Proton VPN, Mullvad VPN
- Proxy exits
- 55
- RPKI
- RPKI valid
- Netname
- HOSTUNIVERSAL
- Registrant
- Host Universal Pty Ltd
- RIR
- APNIC
IPv4 market
Holder
- Organization
- FlowVPS
- Handle
- ORG-ALPL1-AP
- Range
- 103.
108. 228. 0/ 22 - Registration type
- ALLOCATED PORTABLE
Origin network
AS136557
AU
- Name
- Host Universal Pty Ltd
- Type
- Hosting
- Registered
- May 10, 2017
- Domain
- hostuniversal.com.au
- Website
- www.hostuniversal.com.au
- Spamhaus ASN-DROP
- not listed
- VPN servers
- 310
Routing timeline
Who has announced 103.108.231.0/24
103.108.231.0/24
Routing history
- Pattern
- Stable
- First seen
- Mar 2019
- Current origin since
- Oct 2022 · 4.0 yr
- Origin networks
- 2
- Last change of origin
- May 2020
Recorded history
History
- Handoffs
- 1
RPKI
Route origin authorizations
| ROA prefix | ASN | Max len | Anchor | Verdict |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 103.108.231.0/24 | AS136557 | /24 | APNIC | RPKI valid |
IRR
Route objects on 103.108.231.0/24
| Origin | Registry | Description | Maintainer | Modified |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| AS136557 | APNIC | Host Universal Pty Ltd | MAINT-HOSTUNIVERSAL-AU | Dec 14, 2020 |
Whois
Registration for this announcement
- Range
- 103.
108. 231. 0/ 24 - Netname
- HOSTUNIVERSAL
- Registrant
- Host Universal Pty Ltd
- Registrant country
- AU
- Organization
- Host Universal Pty Ltd
- Org country
- AU
- Type
- ASSIGNED NON-PORTABLE
- Created
- Not stated by the registry
- Updated
- Jul 11, 2021
- Maintainer
- MAINT-HOSTUNIVERSAL-AU
- RIR
- APNIC
- Country
- AU
- Delegated
- Feb 7, 2018
- Status
- assigned
Report abuse
Abuse contact
- abuse@
hostuniversal. com. au - Name
- ABUSE HOSTAU1
- Handle
- AH1325-AP