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Data as of Nov 10, 2026

178.46.96.0/20

1 anonymizer address · 0.02% · VPN3,191 residential-proxy exits · 30 days

PJSC Rostelecom

Announcement
this exact prefix
RPKI valid
Announced by
AS12389
Type
Residential
>99% of it

Residential-proxy exits

Proxy exits
3,191
78% of its addresses · 30 days
Spread
16 of 16
/24s with at least one exit
Providers
124
selling exits here
Oct 11, 2026 – Nov 9, 2026

Exits seen per day

261K observations
  • VPN · anonymizer
  • Residential

/24s with the most always-on exits

/24Always-on exitsProxy exits
178.46.99.0/240212
178.46.100.0/240210
178.46.107.0/240206
178.46.106.0/240206
178.46.103.0/240204
178.46.96.0/240203
178.46.101.0/240202
178.46.108.0/240200
178.46.110.0/240199
178.46.104.0/240197
178.46.111.0/240197
178.46.97.0/240196
178.46.98.0/240195
178.46.102.0/240191
178.46.109.0/240190
178.46.105.0/240185

Proxy providers listing exits

  • 2Captcha
  • 711Proxy
  • 911Proxy
  • 9Proxy
  • ASHBURNPROXIES
  • Ake.net
  • AnyIP
  • B2Proxy
  • BartProxies
  • BestProxy
  • BirdProxies
  • BlurPath
  • BottingTools
  • BuyingProxy
  • ByteProxies
  • Byteful
  • CatProxies
  • CliProxy
  • CoreProxy
  • DataImpulse
  • Datarama
  • Decodo
  • EVOPROXY
  • EZProxies
  • EnigmaProxy
  • Evomi
  • FLEETPROXY
  • FastProxy
  • FlashProxy
  • FlexyProxies
  • FloppyData
  • GSocks
  • GeekProxy
  • Geonix
  • Geonode
  • GhostConnect
  • GloryCloud
  • GoProxies
  • GonzoProxy
  • HPROXY
  • HideProxy
  • HydraProxy
  • IPCola
  • IPFly
  • IPMUSK
  • IPOasis
  • IPPeak
  • IPRoyal
  • Infatica
  • InfiniteProxies
  • KindProxy
  • KocerRoxy
  • Kookey
  • LUMIPROXY
  • LemonBright
  • LemonLabs
  • LemonPrime
  • LightningProxies
  • LudaxProxy
  • MangoProxy
  • MarsProxies
  • Maskify
  • MoMoProxy
  • NSocks
  • NextProxy
  • NiuProxy
  • NodeMaven
  • NodeProxy
  • NovProxy
  • NovaProxy
  • Novada
  • Oxylabs
  • PROXYON
  • PROXYSCRAPE
  • PROXYWING_BASIC
  • PSBProxy
  • PacketStream
  • PrivateByte
  • PrivateProxy
  • Proxies.fo
  • ProxiesVision
  • Proxio
  • Proxiware
  • Proxmint
  • Proxy-Cheap
  • Proxy-Seller
  • Proxy4U
  • ProxyEmpire
  • ProxyGeo
  • ProxyHat
  • ProxyRack
  • ProxyStyler
  • ProxyWing
  • Proxying
  • Proxyma
  • PuraRoute
  • Q2IP
  • RH7Proxy
  • RainProxy
  • RapidProxy
  • RealProxy
  • ResiProxies
  • RoamProxy
  • RolaProxy
  • SPYDERPROXY_BASIC
  • SPYDERPROXY_PREMIUM
  • Shifter
  • Smartproxy
  • SpyderProxy
  • StrikeProxy
  • SwiftProxy
  • TalorData
  • Thordata
  • ThunderProxy
  • TrueProxies
  • VantageProxies
  • VibeProxies
  • VitalData
  • VitalExclusive
  • VitalProxy
  • Webshare
  • YumiProxy
  • ZENPROXY_LITE
  • ZENPROXY_PREMIUM
IPv4 market

Path

1 · Holder
PJSC Rostelecom
record created Oct 31, 2011
2 · Leased from
not leased
3 · Announced by
AS12389 PJSC Rostelecom
since Dec 2017 · 8.9 yr ago
4 · Use
VPN servicesnamed VPN Gate
Residential

Operators, sellers and brokers

VPN services

NameParentIn 178.46.96.0/20/24s
VPN GateUniversity of Tsukuba
10.02%
1

Lineage

How this block came to its use, oldest first. The whole IPv4 market →

178.46.96.0/20

From the registry to its use

  1. Apr 19, 2010
    Assigned
    Dynamic distribution IP's for broadband services
    ASSIGNED PA
    178.46.64.0/18
  2. Oct 31, 2011
    Registry record
    PJSC Rostelecom
    ALLOCATED PA
    178.44.0.0/14
  3. Dec 20, 2017– today
    Announced
    AS12389 PJSC Rostelecom
    as part of 178.46.96.0/19
    178.46.96.0/19
  4. Dec 20, 2017– today
    Announced
    AS12389 PJSC Rostelecom
    Internet provider
  5. Oct 26, 2018
    Route object
    AS12389 PJSC Rostelecom
    RIPE route object for AS12389 PJSC Rostelecom, maintainer ROSTELECOM-MNT
  6. today
    Used
    VPN Gate
    VPN

Announcements

Less specific

Covering announcements

PrefixOriginTypeProxy exitsHolderRPKI
178.46.96.0/19
since Dec 2017
AS12389Residential6,360PJSC Rostelecom
178.46.64.0/18
since Nov 2017
AS12389Residential12,661PJSC Rostelecom
178.44.0.0/14
since Sep 2018
AS12389Residential65,525
650 always on
PJSC Rostelecom
More specific

Announcements inside

PrefixOriginTypeProxy exitsHolderRPKI
178.46.96.0/24
since Sep 2024
AS12389Residential203PJSC Rostelecom

Registrations in this block

The registry's network records over the announcement: those covering it, widest first, then every record inside it, under its parent.

RangeAddressesNetnameHolderTypeCreatedAbuse contact
178.44.0.0/14262,144RU-RTK-20100209PJSC Rostelecom (ORG-JR8-RIPE) · RUALLOCATED PAOct 31, 2011abuse@rt.ru
└ 178.46.64.0/1816,384USI_ADSL_USERSDynamic distribution IP's for broadband servicesASSIGNED PAApr 19, 2010abuse@rt.ru
via RU-RTK-20100209

A contact marked “via” is the registry's: the record names none of its own, so the registry hands down its parent's.

Composition

The types across the prefix's announced space, by addresses.

Announced space

Address share

Announced space

Types across the prefix

4,096 addresses
TypeAddressesShareRanges
Residential4,095>99%3
VPNanonymizer10.02%1

Network & registry

AnnouncementRouting historyRPKI & IRRWhois & abuse
Routing timeline

Covering aggregate above, the prefix's own history below

Summary

Routing history

Pattern
Stable
First seen
Dec 2017
Current origin since
Dec 2017 · 8.9 yr
Origin networks
1