Data as of Nov 3, 2026
178.91.48.0/24
6 residential-proxy exits · 30 daysJSC Kazakhtelecom
Residential-proxy exits
Proxy exits
6
2.3% of its addresses · 30 days
Always-on exits
1
17% of its exits
Providers
34
selling exits here
Oct 4, 2026 – Nov 2, 2026
Exits seen per day
1.9K observations
Proxy providers listing exits
- 2Captcha
- 711Proxy
- AnyIP
- BirdProxies
- BottingTools
- ByteProxies
- Byteful
- EZProxies
- EnigmaProxy
- Evomi
- FlashProxy
- GSocks
- Geonix
- Geonode
- GonzoProxy
- Infatica
- InfiniteProxies
- LemonBright
- MangoProxy
- NSocks
- NodeMaven
- NodeProxy
- NovaProxy
- Proxiware
- Proxy-Seller
- ProxyEmpire
- ProxyGeo
- Proxyma
- RainProxy
- Shifter
- Smartproxy
- VantageProxies
- VibeProxies
- VitalExclusive
Announcements
Less specific
Covering announcements
| Prefix | Origin | Type | Proxy exits | Holder | RPKI |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 178.88.0.0/14 since Dec 2009 | AS9198 | Residential | 65,874 2,021 always on | JSC Kazakhtelecom |
Registrations in this block
The registry's network records over this block, widest first, each under its parent.
| Range | Addresses | Netname | Holder | Type | Created | Abuse contact |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 178.88.0.0/14 | 262,144 | KZ-KAZAKTELECOM-20091126 | JSC Kazakhtelecom (ORG-KDNA1-RIPE) · KZ | ALLOCATED PA | Nov 26, 2009 | [email protected] |
| └ 178.91.48.0/30 | 4 | KDLOLIMPATYRAU | Atyrau | ASSIGNED PA | Nov 1, 2023 | [email protected] via KZ-KAZAKTELECOM-20091126 |
| └ 178.91.48.4/30 | 4 | SHKOLADOSPANOVA | Atyrau | ASSIGNED PA | Dec 14, 2020 | [email protected] via KZ-KAZAKTELECOM-20091126 |
| └ 178.91.48.8/30 | 4 | INSPEKCIYATRUDA | Atyrau | ASSIGNED PA | Dec 9, 2020 | [email protected] via KZ-KAZAKTELECOM-20091126 |
| └ 178.91.48.12/30 | 4 | TSON | Atyrau | ASSIGNED PA | Dec 7, 2020 | [email protected] via KZ-KAZAKTELECOM-20091126 |
| └ 178.91.48.16/30 | 4 | TSON | Atyrau | ASSIGNED PA | Dec 7, 2020 | [email protected] via KZ-KAZAKTELECOM-20091126 |
| └ 178.91.48.20/30 | 4 | TSON | Atyrau | ASSIGNED PA | Dec 7, 2020 | [email protected] via KZ-KAZAKTELECOM-20091126 |
| └ 178.91.48.24/30 | 4 | BESIKTYSHCOLA | Atyrau | ASSIGNED PA | Feb 22, 2022 | [email protected] via KZ-KAZAKTELECOM-20091126 |
| └ 178.91.48.28/30 | 4 | TSON | Atyrau | ASSIGNED PA | Dec 7, 2020 | [email protected] via KZ-KAZAKTELECOM-20091126 |
| └ 178.91.48.32/30 | 4 | TOOASTANASERVISPLUS | Atyrau | ASSIGNED PA | Dec 4, 2020 | [email protected] via KZ-KAZAKTELECOM-20091126 |
| └ 178.91.48.36/30 | 4 | PC-2_1150 | Atyrau | ASSIGNED PA | Jun 7, 2022 | [email protected] via KZ-KAZAKTELECOM-20091126 |
| └ 178.91.48.40/30 | 4 | IPTINITOY | Atyrau | ASSIGNED PA | Nov 27, 2020 | [email protected] via KZ-KAZAKTELECOM-20091126 |
| └ 178.91.48.44/30 | 4 | OTDELFINANSOV | unknown | ASSIGNED PA | Mar 27, 2026 | [email protected] via KZ-KAZAKTELECOM-20091126 |
| └ 178.91.48.48/30 | 4 | MOMYSHYLUSHCOLA | Atyrau | ASSIGNED PA | Jul 1, 2023 | [email protected] via KZ-KAZAKTELECOM-20091126 |
| └ 178.91.48.52/30 | 4 | KUZETATYR | Atyrau | ASSIGNED PA | Mar 3, 2025 | [email protected] via KZ-KAZAKTELECOM-20091126 |
| └ 178.91.48.56/30 | 4 | NCERK | Atyrau region | ASSIGNED PA | Feb 27, 2025 | [email protected] via KZ-KAZAKTELECOM-20091126 |
| └ 178.91.48.60/30 | 4 | SENTRKROVI | Atyrau | ASSIGNED PA | Nov 4, 2020 | [email protected] via KZ-KAZAKTELECOM-20091126 |
| └ 178.91.48.64/30 | 4 | MIKRK_GCHP | unknown | ASSIGNED PA | Aug 6, 2026 | [email protected] via KZ-KAZAKTELECOM-20091126 |
| └ 178.91.48.68/30 | 4 | MIKRK_GCHP | unknown | ASSIGNED PA | Aug 6, 2026 | [email protected] via KZ-KAZAKTELECOM-20091126 |
| └ 178.91.48.72/29 | 8 | IP_IQURYLYS | LLC Iqurylys | ASSIGNED PA | Apr 23, 2025 | [email protected] via KZ-KAZAKTELECOM-20091126 |
| └ 178.91.48.80/30 | 4 | MIKRK_GCHP | Atyrau | ASSIGNED PA | Nov 5, 2019 | [email protected] via KZ-KAZAKTELECOM-20091126 |
| └ 178.91.48.84/30 | 4 | MIKRK_GCHP | Atyrau | ASSIGNED PA | Nov 5, 2019 | [email protected] via KZ-KAZAKTELECOM-20091126 |
| └ 178.91.48.88/30 | 4 | MIKRK_GCHP | Atyrau | ASSIGNED PA | Nov 5, 2019 | [email protected] via KZ-KAZAKTELECOM-20091126 |
| └ 178.91.48.92/30 | 4 | MIKRK_GCHP | Atyrau | ASSIGNED PA | Nov 5, 2019 | [email protected] via KZ-KAZAKTELECOM-20091126 |
| └ 178.91.48.96/30 | 4 | MIKRK_GCHP | Atyrau | ASSIGNED PA | Nov 5, 2019 | [email protected] via KZ-KAZAKTELECOM-20091126 |
| └ 178.91.48.100/30 | 4 | AMIRHOLDING | Atyrau | ASSIGNED PA | Aug 25, 2023 | [email protected] via KZ-KAZAKTELECOM-20091126 |
| └ 178.91.48.104/30 | 4 | MIKRK_GCHP | Atyrau | ASSIGNED PA | Nov 5, 2019 | [email protected] via KZ-KAZAKTELECOM-20091126 |
| └ 178.91.48.108/30 | 4 | MIKRK_GCHP | Atyrau | ASSIGNED PA | Nov 5, 2019 | [email protected] via KZ-KAZAKTELECOM-20091126 |
| └ 178.91.48.112/30 | 4 | SCHOLAMUKUR2 | Atyrau | ASSIGNED PA | Feb 22, 2022 | [email protected] via KZ-KAZAKTELECOM-20091126 |
| └ 178.91.48.116/30 | 4 | PS-6 | unknown | ASSIGNED PA | Aug 24, 2021 | [email protected] via KZ-KAZAKTELECOM-20091126 |
| └ 178.91.48.120/30 | 4 | MKZOLOTO | unknown | ASSIGNED PA | Mar 12, 2026 | [email protected] via KZ-KAZAKTELECOM-20091126 |
| └ 178.91.48.124/30 | 4 | JUSAN-MOBILE | Atyrau | ASSIGNED PA | Nov 1, 2022 | [email protected] via KZ-KAZAKTELECOM-20091126 |
| └ 178.91.48.128/29 | 8 | GOSGRADPLANKADASTR | Atyrau | ASSIGNED PA | May 16, 2024 | [email protected] via KZ-KAZAKTELECOM-20091126 |
| └ 178.91.48.136/29 | 8 | APPARATAKIMAOBLASTI | unknown | ASSIGNED PA | Apr 1, 2022 | [email protected] via KZ-KAZAKTELECOM-20091126 |
| └ 178.91.48.144/30 | 4 | YULMARSERVICE | Atyrau | ASSIGNED PA | Jan 11, 2023 | [email protected] via KZ-KAZAKTELECOM-20091126 |
| └ 178.91.48.148/30 | 4 | BATYR17 | unknown | ASSIGNED PA | Apr 15, 2026 | [email protected] via KZ-KAZAKTELECOM-20091126 |
| └ 178.91.48.152/30 | 4 | GUOTDSTROITZHYL | Atyrau | ASSIGNED PA | Sep 20, 2022 | [email protected] via KZ-KAZAKTELECOM-20091126 |
| └ 178.91.48.156/30 | 4 | NEFTEKOPERATING | Atyrau | ASSIGNED PA | Dec 1, 2022 | [email protected] via KZ-KAZAKTELECOM-20091126 |
| └ 178.91.48.160/28 | 16 | JUSAN-MOBILE | Atyrau | ASSIGNED PA | Nov 1, 2022 | [email protected] via KZ-KAZAKTELECOM-20091126 |
| └ 178.91.48.192/27 | 32 | APPARATACIMA | APPARATACIMA | ASSIGNED PA | Nov 30, 2010 | [email protected] via KZ-KAZAKTELECOM-20091126 |
| └ 178.91.48.224/29 | 8 | OBLTSON | unknown | ASSIGNED PA | Mar 20, 2026 | [email protected] via KZ-KAZAKTELECOM-20091126 |
| └ 178.91.48.232/30 | 4 | ATABA | ATABA | ASSIGNED PA | Sep 7, 2011 | [email protected] via KZ-KAZAKTELECOM-20091126 |
| └ 178.91.48.236/30 | 4 | DIGITALTV | DIGITALTV | ASSIGNED PA | Sep 7, 2011 | [email protected] via KZ-KAZAKTELECOM-20091126 |
| └ 178.91.48.240/30 | 4 | OTDELFINANSOV | unknown | ASSIGNED PA | Jul 16, 2026 | [email protected] via KZ-KAZAKTELECOM-20091126 |
| └ 178.91.48.244/30 | 4 | MODUL | MODUL | ASSIGNED PA | Sep 26, 2011 | [email protected] via KZ-KAZAKTELECOM-20091126 |
| └ 178.91.48.248/30 | 4 | GOSFELDEGERSKAYASLUZHBA | Atyrau | ASSIGNED PA | Jun 13, 2023 | [email protected] via KZ-KAZAKTELECOM-20091126 |
| └ 178.91.48.252/30 | 4 | DNLOMBARD | Atyrau | ASSIGNED PA | Oct 22, 2025 | [email protected] via KZ-KAZAKTELECOM-20091126 |
A contact marked “via” is the registry's: the record names none of its own, so the registry hands down its parent's.
Composition
The types across the prefix's announced space, by addresses.
Announced space
Address share
Announced space
Types across the prefix
256 addresses
| Type | Addresses | Share | Ranges | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Business | 220 | 86% | 44 | |
| Mobile | 20 | 7.8% | 2 | |
| Residential | 16 | 6.3% | 1 |
Network & registry
Announced by
Covering announcement 178.91.32.0/19
- Prefix
- 178.91.32.0/19
- Announced by
- AS9198 JSC Kazakhtelecom
- Type
- Residential
- Proxy exits
- 1,892
- Always-on exits
- 33
- RPKI
- RPKI valid
- Netname
- KZ-KAZAKTELECOM-20091126
- Registrant
- JSC Kazakhtelecom
- RIR
- RIPE NCC
Origin network
AS9198
KZ
- Name
- JSC Kazakhtelecom
- Type
- Internet provider
- Registered
- Feb 23, 1999
- Domain
- telecom.kz
- Website
- www.telecom.kz
- Industry
- Internet Service Provider (ISP)
- Spamhaus ASN-DROP
- not listed
Routing timeline
Covering aggregate above, the prefix's own history below
178.91.32.0/19
Routing history
- Pattern
- Stable
- First seen
- Dec 2009
- Current origin since
- Aug 2025 · 1.2 yr
- Origin networks
- 1
RPKI
Route origin authorizations
| ROA prefix | ASN | Max len | Anchor | Verdict |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 178.91.32.0/19 | AS9198 | /19 | RIPE | RPKI valid |
| 178.88.0.0/14 | AS9198 | /24 | RIPE | RPKI valid |
Whois
Registration for this announcement
- Range
- 178.88.0.0/14
- Netname
- KZ-KAZAKTELECOM-20091126
- Registrant
- JSC Kazakhtelecom
- Registrant country
- KZ
- Organization
- JSC Kazakhtelecom (ORG-KDNA1-RIPE)
- Org country
- KZ
- Type
- ALLOCATED PA
- Created
- Nov 26, 2009
- Updated
- Jun 23, 2016
- Maintainer
- RIPE-NCC-HM-MNT
- RIR
- RIPE NCC
- Country
- KZ
- Delegated
- Nov 26, 2009
- Status
- assigned
Report abuse
Abuse contact
- [email protected]
- Name
- Kazakhtelecom Network Information Center
- Handle
- KNIC1-RIPE