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Data as of Nov 11, 2026

178.91.48.0/24

6 residential-proxy exits · 30 days

JSC Kazakhtelecom

Announcement
178.91.32.0/19
RPKI valid
Announced by
AS9198
Type
Business
86% of it

Residential-proxy exits

Proxy exits
6
2.3% of its addresses · 30 days
Always-on exits
1
17% of its exits
Providers
34
selling exits here
Oct 12, 2026 – Nov 10, 2026

Exits seen per day

2.1K observations

Proxy providers listing exits

  • 2Captcha
  • 711Proxy
  • Ake.net
  • AnyIP
  • BirdProxies
  • BottingTools
  • ByteProxies
  • Byteful
  • EZProxies
  • EnigmaProxy
  • Evomi
  • FlashProxy
  • GSocks
  • Geonix
  • Geonode
  • GonzoProxy
  • Infatica
  • InfiniteProxies
  • LemonBright
  • MangoProxy
  • NSocks
  • NodeMaven
  • NodeProxy
  • NovaProxy
  • Proxiware
  • Proxy-Seller
  • ProxyEmpire
  • ProxyGeo
  • Proxyma
  • RainProxy
  • Shifter
  • Smartproxy
  • VantageProxies
  • VitalExclusive

Announcements

Less specific

Covering announcements

PrefixOriginTypeProxy exitsHolderRPKI
178.88.0.0/14
since Dec 2009
AS9198Residential64,548
1,642 always on
JSC Kazakhtelecom

Registrations in this block

The registry's network records over this block, widest first, each under its parent.

RangeAddressesNetnameHolderTypeCreatedAbuse contact
178.88.0.0/14262,144KZ-KAZAKTELECOM-20091126JSC Kazakhtelecom (ORG-KDNA1-RIPE) · KZALLOCATED PANov 26, 2009abuse@telecom.kz
└ 178.91.48.0/304KDLOLIMPATYRAUAtyrauASSIGNED PANov 1, 2023abuse@telecom.kz
via KZ-KAZAKTELECOM-20091126
└ 178.91.48.4/304SHKOLADOSPANOVAAtyrauASSIGNED PADec 14, 2020abuse@telecom.kz
via KZ-KAZAKTELECOM-20091126
└ 178.91.48.8/304INSPEKCIYATRUDAAtyrauASSIGNED PADec 9, 2020abuse@telecom.kz
via KZ-KAZAKTELECOM-20091126
└ 178.91.48.12/304TSONAtyrauASSIGNED PADec 7, 2020abuse@telecom.kz
via KZ-KAZAKTELECOM-20091126
└ 178.91.48.16/304TSONAtyrauASSIGNED PADec 7, 2020abuse@telecom.kz
via KZ-KAZAKTELECOM-20091126
└ 178.91.48.20/304TSONAtyrauASSIGNED PADec 7, 2020abuse@telecom.kz
via KZ-KAZAKTELECOM-20091126
└ 178.91.48.24/304BESIKTYSHCOLAAtyrauASSIGNED PAFeb 22, 2022abuse@telecom.kz
via KZ-KAZAKTELECOM-20091126
└ 178.91.48.28/304TSONAtyrauASSIGNED PADec 7, 2020abuse@telecom.kz
via KZ-KAZAKTELECOM-20091126
└ 178.91.48.32/304TOOASTANASERVISPLUSAtyrauASSIGNED PADec 4, 2020abuse@telecom.kz
via KZ-KAZAKTELECOM-20091126
└ 178.91.48.36/304PC-2_1150AtyrauASSIGNED PAJun 7, 2022abuse@telecom.kz
via KZ-KAZAKTELECOM-20091126
└ 178.91.48.40/304IPTINITOYAtyrauASSIGNED PANov 27, 2020abuse@telecom.kz
via KZ-KAZAKTELECOM-20091126
└ 178.91.48.44/304OTDELFINANSOVunknownASSIGNED PAMar 27, 2026abuse@telecom.kz
via KZ-KAZAKTELECOM-20091126
└ 178.91.48.48/304MOMYSHYLUSHCOLAAtyrauASSIGNED PAJul 1, 2023abuse@telecom.kz
via KZ-KAZAKTELECOM-20091126
└ 178.91.48.52/304KUZETATYRAtyrauASSIGNED PAMar 3, 2025abuse@telecom.kz
via KZ-KAZAKTELECOM-20091126
└ 178.91.48.56/304NCERKAtyrau regionASSIGNED PAFeb 27, 2025abuse@telecom.kz
via KZ-KAZAKTELECOM-20091126
└ 178.91.48.60/304SENTRKROVIAtyrauASSIGNED PANov 4, 2020abuse@telecom.kz
via KZ-KAZAKTELECOM-20091126
└ 178.91.48.64/304MIKRK_GCHPunknownASSIGNED PAAug 6, 2026abuse@telecom.kz
via KZ-KAZAKTELECOM-20091126
└ 178.91.48.68/304MIKRK_GCHPunknownASSIGNED PAAug 6, 2026abuse@telecom.kz
via KZ-KAZAKTELECOM-20091126
└ 178.91.48.72/298IP_IQURYLYSLLC IqurylysASSIGNED PAApr 23, 2025abuse@telecom.kz
via KZ-KAZAKTELECOM-20091126
└ 178.91.48.80/304MIKRK_GCHPAtyrauASSIGNED PANov 5, 2019abuse@telecom.kz
via KZ-KAZAKTELECOM-20091126
└ 178.91.48.84/304MIKRK_GCHPAtyrauASSIGNED PANov 5, 2019abuse@telecom.kz
via KZ-KAZAKTELECOM-20091126
└ 178.91.48.88/304MIKRK_GCHPAtyrauASSIGNED PANov 5, 2019abuse@telecom.kz
via KZ-KAZAKTELECOM-20091126
└ 178.91.48.92/304MIKRK_GCHPAtyrauASSIGNED PANov 5, 2019abuse@telecom.kz
via KZ-KAZAKTELECOM-20091126
└ 178.91.48.96/304MIKRK_GCHPAtyrauASSIGNED PANov 5, 2019abuse@telecom.kz
via KZ-KAZAKTELECOM-20091126
└ 178.91.48.100/304AMIRHOLDINGAtyrauASSIGNED PAAug 25, 2023abuse@telecom.kz
via KZ-KAZAKTELECOM-20091126
└ 178.91.48.104/304MIKRK_GCHPAtyrauASSIGNED PANov 5, 2019abuse@telecom.kz
via KZ-KAZAKTELECOM-20091126
└ 178.91.48.108/304MIKRK_GCHPAtyrauASSIGNED PANov 5, 2019abuse@telecom.kz
via KZ-KAZAKTELECOM-20091126
└ 178.91.48.112/304SCHOLAMUKUR2AtyrauASSIGNED PAFeb 22, 2022abuse@telecom.kz
via KZ-KAZAKTELECOM-20091126
└ 178.91.48.116/304PS-6unknownASSIGNED PAAug 24, 2021abuse@telecom.kz
via KZ-KAZAKTELECOM-20091126
└ 178.91.48.120/304MKZOLOTOunknownASSIGNED PAMar 12, 2026abuse@telecom.kz
via KZ-KAZAKTELECOM-20091126
└ 178.91.48.124/304JUSAN-MOBILEAtyrauASSIGNED PANov 1, 2022abuse@telecom.kz
via KZ-KAZAKTELECOM-20091126
└ 178.91.48.128/298GOSGRADPLANKADASTRAtyrauASSIGNED PAMay 16, 2024abuse@telecom.kz
via KZ-KAZAKTELECOM-20091126
└ 178.91.48.136/298APPARATAKIMAOBLASTIunknownASSIGNED PAApr 1, 2022abuse@telecom.kz
via KZ-KAZAKTELECOM-20091126
└ 178.91.48.144/304YULMARSERVICEAtyrauASSIGNED PAJan 11, 2023abuse@telecom.kz
via KZ-KAZAKTELECOM-20091126
└ 178.91.48.148/304BATYR17unknownASSIGNED PAApr 15, 2026abuse@telecom.kz
via KZ-KAZAKTELECOM-20091126
└ 178.91.48.152/304GUOTDSTROITZHYLAtyrauASSIGNED PASep 20, 2022abuse@telecom.kz
via KZ-KAZAKTELECOM-20091126
└ 178.91.48.156/304NEFTEKOPERATINGAtyrauASSIGNED PADec 1, 2022abuse@telecom.kz
via KZ-KAZAKTELECOM-20091126
└ 178.91.48.160/2816JUSAN-MOBILEAtyrauASSIGNED PANov 1, 2022abuse@telecom.kz
via KZ-KAZAKTELECOM-20091126
└ 178.91.48.192/2732APPARATACIMAAPPARATACIMAASSIGNED PANov 30, 2010abuse@telecom.kz
via KZ-KAZAKTELECOM-20091126
└ 178.91.48.224/298OBLTSONunknownASSIGNED PAMar 20, 2026abuse@telecom.kz
via KZ-KAZAKTELECOM-20091126
└ 178.91.48.232/304ATABAATABAASSIGNED PASep 7, 2011abuse@telecom.kz
via KZ-KAZAKTELECOM-20091126
└ 178.91.48.236/304DIGITALTVDIGITALTVASSIGNED PASep 7, 2011abuse@telecom.kz
via KZ-KAZAKTELECOM-20091126
└ 178.91.48.240/304OTDELFINANSOVunknownASSIGNED PAJul 16, 2026abuse@telecom.kz
via KZ-KAZAKTELECOM-20091126
└ 178.91.48.244/304MODULMODULASSIGNED PASep 26, 2011abuse@telecom.kz
via KZ-KAZAKTELECOM-20091126
└ 178.91.48.248/304GOSFELDEGERSKAYASLUZHBAAtyrauASSIGNED PAJun 13, 2023abuse@telecom.kz
via KZ-KAZAKTELECOM-20091126
└ 178.91.48.252/304DNLOMBARDAtyrauASSIGNED PAOct 22, 2025abuse@telecom.kz
via KZ-KAZAKTELECOM-20091126

A contact marked “via” is the registry's: the record names none of its own, so the registry hands down its parent's.

Composition

The types across the prefix's announced space, by addresses.

Announced space

Address share

Announced space

Types across the prefix

256 addresses
TypeAddressesShareRanges
Business22086%44
Mobile207.8%2
Residential166.3%1

Network & registry

AnnouncementRouting historyRPKI & IRRWhois & abuse
Routing timeline

Covering aggregate above, the prefix's own history below

178.91.32.0/19

Routing history

Pattern
Stable
First seen
Dec 2009
Current origin since
Aug 2025 · 1.3 yr
Origin networks
1