Data as of Nov 9, 2026

103.212.224.0/22

6 anonymizer addresses · 0.59% · VPN

GSL Networks Pty LTD · space held by Key Stone Corporate Trustee Limited

Announcement

this exact prefix

No RPKI

Announced by

AS137409

Type

Hosting

>99% of it

IPv4 market

Path

1 · Holder

Key Stone Corporate Trustee Limited

2 · Leased from

not leased

3 · Announced by

AS137409 GSL Networks Pty LTD

since Oct 2024 · 2.1 yr ago

4 · Use

VPN servicesnamed NordVPN, ExpressVPN

Hosting

Operators, sellers and brokers

VPN services

Name	Parent	In 103.212.224.0/22	/24s
NordVPN	Nord Security	50.49%	1
ExpressVPN	Kape Technologies	10.10%	1

Lineage

How this block came to its use, oldest first. The whole IPv4 market →

103.212.224.0/22

From the registry to its use

Apr 19, 2018– Nov 30, 2023
Announced
AS137409 GSL Networks Pty LTD
Hosting
Apr 24, 2018
Route object
AS17819 Equinix Asia Pacific
RADB route object for AS17819 Equinix Asia Pacific, maintainer MAINT-AS55002
Apr 24, 2018
Route object
AS137409 GSL Networks Pty LTD
NTTCOM route object for AS137409 GSL Networks Pty LTD, maintainer MAINT-EQUINIXPAC
Apr 24, 2018
Route object
AS137409 GSL Networks Pty LTD
RADB route object for AS137409 GSL Networks Pty LTD, maintainer MAINT-AS17819
Jul 4, 2018
Route object
AS58511 Anycast Global Backbone
RADB route object for AS58511 Anycast Global Backbone, maintainer MAINT-AS2764
Aug 2, 2018
Route object
AS63018 Dedicated.com
RADB route object for AS63018 Dedicated.com, maintainer MAINT-AS1828
Oct 21, 2019
Route object
AS56030 Voyager Internet Ltd.
RADB route object for AS56030 Voyager Internet Ltd., maintainer MAINT-AS56030
Jun 1, 2020
Route object
AS138968 rainbow network limited
NTTCOM route object for AS138968 rainbow network limited, maintainer MAINT-CMI-INT-HK
Jun 1, 2020
Route object
AS138968 rainbow network limited
RADB route object for AS138968 rainbow network limited, maintainer MAINT-AS58453
Jun 5, 2020
Route object
AS134176 Cloudie Limited
NTTCOM route object for AS134176 Cloudie Limited, maintainer MAINT-CMI-INT-HK
Jun 5, 2020
Route object
AS134176 Cloudie Limited
RADB route object for AS134176 Cloudie Limited, maintainer MAINT-AS58453
Oct 10, 2021
Route object
AS9268 Over The Wire Pty Ltd
RADB route object for AS9268 Over The Wire Pty Ltd, maintainer MAINT-AS2764
Oct 8, 2024– Nov 8, 2026
Announced
AS137409 GSL Networks Pty LTD
Hosting
today
Registry record
Key Stone Corporate Trustee Limited
ALLOCATED PORTABLE
103.212.224.0/22
today
Used
NordVPN
VPN
today
Used
ExpressVPN
VPN

Announcements

More specific

Announcements inside

Prefix	Origin	Type	Anonymizer addresses	Operator	Holder
103.212.224.0/23 since Sep 18, 2026	AS137409	Hosting			Key Stone Corporate Trustee Limited
103.212.224.0/24 since Sep 18, 2026	AS137409	Hosting	52.0%VPN	VPN servicesoperated by NordVPN	Key Stone Corporate Trustee Limited via KEYSTONE NETWORKS - Sydney
103.212.225.0/24 since Sep 18, 2026	AS137409	Hosting			Key Stone Corporate Trustee Limited via KEYSTONE NETWORKS - Sydney
103.212.226.0/23 since Sep 18, 2026	AS137409	Hosting			Key Stone Corporate Trustee Limited
103.212.226.0/24 since Sep 18, 2026	AS137409	Hosting			Key Stone Corporate Trustee Limited via KEYSTONE NETWORKS - Sydney
103.212.227.0/24 since Sep 18, 2026	AS137409	Hosting	10.39%VPN	VPN servicesoperated by ExpressVPN	Key Stone Corporate Trustee Limited via KEYSTONE NETWORKS - Sydney

Registrations in this block

The registry's network records over the announcement: those covering it, widest first, then every record inside it, under its parent.

Range	Addresses	Netname	Holder	Type	Created	Abuse contact
103.212.224.0/22	1,024	KEYSTONE-NZ	Key Stone Corporate Trustee Limited (ORG-KSCT1-AP) · NZ	ALLOCATED PORTABLE	—	noc@keystoneservers.com
└ 103.212.224.0/24	256	KEYSTONE	KEYSTONE NETWORKS - Sydney	ALLOCATED NON-PORTABLE	—	noc@keystoneservers.com
└ 103.212.225.0/24	256	KEYSTONE	KEYSTONE NETWORKS - Sydney	ALLOCATED NON-PORTABLE	—	noc@keystoneservers.com
└ 103.212.226.0/24	256	KEYSTONE	KEYSTONE NETWORKS - Sydney	ALLOCATED NON-PORTABLE	—	noc@keystoneservers.com
└ 103.212.227.0/24	256	KEYSTONE	KEYSTONE NETWORKS - Sydney	ALLOCATED NON-PORTABLE	—	noc@keystoneservers.com

Composition

The types across the prefix's announced space, by addresses.

Announced space

Address share

Announced space

Types across the prefix

1,024 addresses

Type	Addresses	Share	Ranges
Hosting	1,018	>99%	10
VPNanonymizer	6	0.59%	6

Network & registry

Announcement Routing history RPKI & IRR Whois & abuse

Origin network

AS137409

Name: GSL Networks Pty LTD
Type: Hosting
Registered: Jan 16, 2018
Domain: globalsecurelayer.com
Website: globalsecurelayer.com
Industry: Hosting and Cloud Provider
Spamhaus ASN-DROP: not listed
VPN servers: 1,958

IRR

Route objects on the exact prefix

Origin	Registry	Description	Maintainer	Modified
AS9268 not the origin	RADB	Proxy route object registered by AS2764	MAINT-AS2764	Nov 13, 2023
AS17819 not the origin	RADB	Equinixau proxy route object	MAINT-AS55002	Nov 13, 2023
AS56030 not the origin	RADB	Proxy object created on behalf of AS137409 by Voyager Internet (AS56030)	MAINT-AS56030	Nov 13, 2023
AS58511 not the origin	RADB	Proxy route object registered by AS2764	MAINT-AS2764	Nov 13, 2023
AS63018 not the origin	RADB	PNAP-LAX usd 3285318	MAINT-AS1828	Nov 13, 2023
AS134176 not the origin	NTTCOM	CMI IP Transit	MAINT-CMI-INT-HK	Jun 5, 2020
AS134176 not the origin	RADB	CMI (Customer Route)	MAINT-AS58453	Nov 13, 2023
AS137409	NTTCOM	Servers Australia	MAINT-EQUINIXPAC	Apr 24, 2018
AS137409	RADB	Servers Australia	MAINT-AS17819	Nov 13, 2023
AS138968 not the origin	NTTCOM	CMI IP Transit	MAINT-CMI-INT-HK	Jun 1, 2020
AS138968 not the origin	RADB	CMI (Customer Route)	MAINT-AS58453	Nov 13, 2023

103.212.224.0/22

Path

Operators, sellers and brokers

VPN services

Lineage

From the registry to its use

Announcements

Announcements inside

Registrations in this block

Composition

Address share

Types across the prefix

Network & registry

AS137409

Who has announced this prefix

Routing history

Route objects on the exact prefix

Registration for this announcement

Abuse contact