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Data as of Nov 10, 2026

178.44.0.0/14

1 anonymizer address · <0.01% · VPN

PJSC Rostelecom

Announcement
this exact prefix
RPKI valid
Announced by
AS12389
Type
Residential
>99% of it

Residential-proxy exits

Proxy exits
65,525
25% of its addresses · listed by providers
Always-on exits
650
0.99% of its exits
Spread
844 of 1,024
/24s with at least one exit
Providers
133
selling exits here

/24s with the most always-on exits

/24Always-on exitsProxy exits
178.45.236.0/24147254
178.46.215.0/247254
178.46.208.0/246256
178.46.158.0/24625
178.47.37.0/24622
178.46.214.0/245256
178.46.210.0/245255
178.46.211.0/245255
178.45.155.0/24574
178.47.141.0/24524
178.46.137.0/24512
178.46.213.0/244255
178.45.81.0/24481
178.44.25.0/24478
178.44.225.0/24467
178.44.239.0/24465
178.44.160.0/24465
178.46.161.0/24422
178.46.209.0/243256
178.45.209.0/24382
178.45.111.0/24381
178.45.64.0/24376
178.44.249.0/24372
178.45.207.0/24369

Proxy providers listing exits

  • 2Captcha
  • 711Proxy
  • 911Proxy
  • 9Proxy
  • ASHBURNPROXIES
  • Ake.net
  • AnyIP
  • B2Proxy
  • BartProxies
  • BestProxy
  • BirdProxies
  • BlurPath
  • BottingTools
  • Bright Data
  • BuyingProxy
  • ByteProxies
  • Byteful
  • CatProxies
  • CliProxy
  • ColaProxy
  • CoreProxy
  • DataImpulse
  • Datarama
  • Decodo
  • EVOPROXY
  • EZProxies
  • EnigmaProxy
  • Evomi
  • FLEETPROXY
  • FastProxy
  • FlashProxy
  • FlexyProxies
  • FloppyData
  • FuseProxy
  • GSocks
  • GeekProxy
  • Geonix
  • Geonode
  • GhostConnect
  • GloryCloud
  • GoProxies
  • GonzoProxy
  • HPROXY
  • HideProxy
  • HydraProxy
  • IPCola
  • IPFly
  • IPMUSK
  • IPOasis
  • IPPeak
  • IPRoyal
  • Infatica
  • InfiniteProxies
  • JoyProxy
  • KindProxy
  • KocerRoxy
  • Kookey
  • LUMIPROXY
  • LemonBright
  • LemonLabs
  • LemonPrime
  • LightningProxies
  • LudaxProxy
  • MagneticProxy
  • MangoProxy
  • MarsProxies
  • Maskify
  • MoMoProxy
  • MrScraper
  • NSocks
  • NextProxy
  • NiuProxy
  • NodeMaven
  • NodeProxy
  • NovProxy
  • NovaProxy
  • Novada
  • Oxylabs
  • PROXYON
  • PROXYSCRAPE
  • PROXYWING_BASIC
  • PSBProxy
  • PacketStream
  • PrivateByte
  • PrivateProxy
  • Proxies.fo
  • ProxiesVision
  • Proxio
  • Proxiware
  • Proxmint
  • Proxy-Cheap
  • Proxy-Seller
  • Proxy302
  • Proxy4U
  • ProxyEmpire
  • ProxyGeo
  • ProxyHat
  • ProxyRack
  • ProxyStyler
  • ProxyWing
  • Proxying
  • Proxyma
  • PuraRoute
  • Q2IP
  • RH7Proxy
  • RainProxy
  • RapidProxy
  • RealProxy
  • ResiProxies
  • RoamProxy
  • RolaProxy
  • SPYDERPROXY_BASIC
  • SPYDERPROXY_PREMIUM
  • Shifter
  • Smartproxy
  • SpyderProxy
  • StrikeProxy
  • SwiftProxy
  • TalorData
  • Thordata
  • ThunderProxy
  • TrueProxies
  • TrustProxy
  • VProxy
  • VantageProxies
  • VibeProxies
  • VitalData
  • VitalExclusive
  • VitalProxy
  • Webshare
  • YumiProxy
  • ZENPROXY_LITE
  • ZENPROXY_PREMIUM
IPv4 market

Path

1 · Holder
PJSC Rostelecom
record created Oct 31, 2011
2 · Leased from
not leased
3 · Announced by
AS12389 PJSC Rostelecom
since Sep 2018 · 8.2 yr ago
4 · Use
VPN servicesnamed VPN Gate
Residential

Operators, sellers and brokers

VPN services

NameParentIn 178.44.0.0/14/24s
VPN GateUniversity of Tsukuba
1<0.01%
1

Lineage

How this block came to its use, oldest first. The whole IPv4 market →

178.44.0.0/14

From the registry to its use

  1. Oct 31, 2011
    Registry record
    PJSC Rostelecom
    ALLOCATED PA
    178.44.0.0/14
  2. Jun 8, 2017
    Route object
    AS12389 PJSC Rostelecom
    RIPE route object for AS12389 PJSC Rostelecom, maintainer ROSTELECOM-MNT
  3. Sep 10, 2018– today
    Announced
    AS12389 PJSC Rostelecom
    Internet provider
  4. Oct 31, 2018
    Route object
    AS12389 PJSC Rostelecom
    RIPE route object for AS12389 PJSC Rostelecom, maintainer ROSTELECOM-MNT
    178.45.248.0/21
  5. Nov 2, 2018
    Route object
    AS12389 PJSC Rostelecom
    RIPE route object for AS12389 PJSC Rostelecom, maintainer ROSTELECOM-MNT
    178.45.236.0/24
  6. Nov 14, 2018
    Route object
    AS12389 PJSC Rostelecom
    RIPE route object for AS12389 PJSC Rostelecom, maintainer ROSTELECOM-MNT
    178.45.248.0/23
  7. today
    Used
    VPN Gate
    VPN

Announcements

Nesting

More-specifics by size

Sized by addresses, colored by each announcement's type. Click a tile with children to zoom in, a leaf to open it.
More specific

Announcements inside

Arrived
PrefixOriginTypeAnonymizer addressesOperatorProxy exitsHolderRPKI
178.44.0.0/19
since Aug 2017
AS12389Residential2,132
33 always on
PJSC Rostelecom
178.44.32.0/19
since Aug 2017
AS12389Residential2,092
20 always on
PJSC Rostelecom
178.44.64.0/20
since Aug 2017
AS12389Residential1,039
14 always on
PJSC Rostelecom
178.44.80.0/20
since Aug 2017
AS12389Residential878
4 always on
PJSC Rostelecom
178.44.96.0/21
since Aug 2017
AS12389Residential560
9 always on
PJSC Rostelecom
178.44.104.0/21
since Aug 2017
AS12389Residential551
7 always on
PJSC Rostelecom
178.44.112.0/20
since Aug 2017
AS12389Residential42
2 always on
PJSC Rostelecom
178.44.128.0/17
since May 2016
AS12389Residential7,709
102 always on
PJSC Rostelecom
178.45.0.0/20
since Apr 2016
AS12389Residential1,017
16 always on
PJSC Rostelecom
178.45.16.0/20
since Apr 2016
AS12389Residential1,022
11 always on
PJSC Rostelecom
178.45.32.0/19
since Jun 2016
AS12389Residential10.01%VPNVPN servicesoperated by VPN Gate2,473
17 always on
PJSC Rostelecom
178.45.64.0/18
since Jun 2016
AS12389Residential4,798
43 always on
PJSC Rostelecom
178.45.128.0/21
since May 2016
AS12389Residential611
4 always on
PJSC Rostelecom
178.45.136.0/21
since May 2016
AS12389Residential647
2 always on
PJSC Rostelecom
178.45.144.0/21
since Apr 2016
AS12389Residential476
6 always on
PJSC Rostelecom
178.45.152.0/21
since Apr 2016
AS12389Residential514
10 always on
PJSC Rostelecom
178.45.160.0/19
since Jun 2016
AS12389Residential2,449
25 always on
PJSC Rostelecom
178.45.192.0/21
since May 2016
AS12389Residential547
8 always on
PJSC Rostelecom
178.45.200.0/21
since May 2016
AS12389Residential579
13 always on
PJSC Rostelecom
178.45.208.0/20
since May 2016
AS12389Residential1,218
13 always on
PJSC Rostelecom
178.45.224.0/22
since Apr 2016
AS12389Residential256
4 always on
PJSC Rostelecom
178.45.228.0/22
since Apr 2016
AS12389Residential266
3 always on
PJSC Rostelecom
178.45.232.0/22
since Apr 2016
AS12389Residential233
6 always on
PJSC Rostelecom
178.46.0.0/20
since Mar 2017
AS12389ResidentialPJSC Rostelecom
178.46.16.0/20
since Apr 2017
AS12389Residential1,140PJSC Rostelecom
178.46.32.0/19
since Aug 2017
AS12389Residential1,993PJSC Rostelecom
178.46.64.0/18
since Nov 2017
AS12389Residential12,661PJSC Rostelecom
178.46.64.0/19
since Dec 2017
AS12389Residential6,301PJSC Rostelecom
178.46.64.0/20
since Apr 2019
AS12389Residential3,145PJSC Rostelecom
178.46.80.0/20
since Dec 2017
AS12389Residential3,156PJSC Rostelecom
178.46.80.0/23
since Sep 2024
AS12389Residential390PJSC Rostelecom
178.46.96.0/19
since Dec 2017
AS12389Residential6,360PJSC Rostelecom
178.46.96.0/20
since Dec 2017
AS12389Residential3,193PJSC Rostelecom
178.46.96.0/24
since Sep 2024
AS12389Residential203PJSC Rostelecom
178.46.112.0/20
since Mar 2019
AS12389Residential3,167PJSC Rostelecom
178.46.128.0/20
since Jul 2017
AS12389Residential46
11 always on
PJSC Rostelecom
178.46.144.0/20
since Apr 2017
AS12389Residential168
18 always on
PJSC Rostelecom
178.46.160.0/20
since Jul 2017
AS12389Residential165
24 always on
PJSC Rostelecom
178.46.176.0/20
since Aug 2017
AS12389Residential24
4 always on
PJSC Rostelecom
178.46.192.0/20
since Aug 2017
AS12389Residential1,281PJSC Rostelecom
178.46.208.0/20
since Mar 2017
AS12389Residential2,042
37 always on
PJSC Rostelecom
178.46.224.0/19
since Jul 2017
AS12389Residential5
1 always on
PJSC Rostelecom
178.46.240.0/20
since Mar 2024
AS12389ResidentialPJSC Rostelecom
178.47.0.0/20
since Aug 2017
AS12389Residential940PJSC Rostelecom
178.47.16.0/20
since Mar 2017
AS12389ResidentialPJSC Rostelecom
178.47.32.0/20
since Nov 2017
AS12389Residential59
13 always on
PJSC Rostelecom
178.47.48.0/20
since Mar 2017
AS12389Residential6
1 always on
PJSC Rostelecom
178.47.64.0/19
since Aug 2017
AS12389Residential6,046PJSC Rostelecom
178.47.96.0/19
since Aug 2017
AS12389Residential1,975PJSC Rostelecom
178.47.128.0/20
since Aug 2017
AS12389Residential133
14 always on
PJSC Rostelecom
178.47.144.0/20
since Mar 2017
AS12389Residential11
1 always on
PJSC Rostelecom
178.47.160.0/19
since Apr 2017
AS12389Residential2,115PJSC Rostelecom
178.47.160.0/20
since Nov 2024
AS12389Residential1,042PJSC Rostelecom
178.47.192.0/20
since Mar 2017
AS12389ResidentialPJSC Rostelecom
178.47.208.0/20
since Mar 2017
AS12389Residential1,257
6 always on
PJSC Rostelecom
178.47.224.0/21
since Mar 2017
AS12389ResidentialPJSC Rostelecom
178.47.232.0/21
since Mar 2017
AS12389ResidentialPJSC Rostelecom
178.47.240.0/20
since Aug 2017
AS12389Residential1,090PJSC Rostelecom

Registrations in this block

The registry's network records over the announcement: those covering it, widest first, then every record inside it, under its parent.

RangeAddressesNetnameHolderTypeCreatedAbuse contact
178.44.0.0/14262,144RU-RTK-20100209PJSC Rostelecom (ORG-JR8-RIPE) · RUALLOCATED PAOct 31, 2011abuse@rt.ru
└ 178.44.0.0/1732,768VOLGATELECOM-KIROV-DYNPOOL-22012010Dynamic IP Pools for customers in theASSIGNED PAMar 11, 2010abuse@rt.ru
via RU-RTK-20100209
└ 178.44.128.0/1732,768VOLGATELECOM-ORB-DYNPOOL-14012010Dynamic IP Pools for xDSL and FTTH subscribers of theASSIGNED PAMar 11, 2010abuse@rt.ru
via RU-RTK-20100209
└ 178.45.0.0/198,192VOLGATELECOM-SARANSK-DYNPOOL-290910Dynamic IP Pools for customers in theASSIGNED PAOct 1, 2010abuse@rt.ru
via RU-RTK-20100209
└ 178.45.32.0 - 178.45.127.25524,576VOLGATELECOM-SAMARA-TLT-DYNPOOL-122009Dynamic pools for clients in the Samara branchASSIGNED PAOct 19, 2011abuse@rt.ru
via RU-RTK-20100209
└ 178.45.128.0/204,096VOLGATELECOM-SARATOV-DYNPOOL-160211Dynamic Pools for xDSL and FTTH subscribersASSIGNED PAFeb 17, 2011abuse@rt.ru
via RU-RTK-20100209
└ 178.45.144.0/204,096VOLGATELECOM-SARANSK-DYNPOOL-090311Dynamic IP Pools for customers in theASSIGNED PAMar 9, 2011abuse@rt.ru
via RU-RTK-20100209
└ 178.45.160.0/198,192VOLGATELECOM-SAMARA-TLT-DYNPOOL-122009Dynamic pools for clients in the Samara branchASSIGNED PAOct 19, 2011abuse@rt.ru
via RU-RTK-20100209
└ 178.45.192.0/204,096VOLGA-ORB-DYNPOOL-29122011Dynamic IP Pools for xDSL and FTTH subscribers of theASSIGNED PADec 29, 2011abuse@rt.ru
via RU-RTK-20100209
└ 178.45.208.0/204,096VOLGA-SARATOV-DYNPOOL-130112Dynamic Pools for xDSL and FTTH subscribersASSIGNED PAJan 13, 2012abuse@rt.ru
via RU-RTK-20100209
└ 178.45.224.0/212,048VOLGATELECOM-SARANSK-DYNPOOL-240112Dynamic IP Pools for customers in theASSIGNED PAJan 24, 2012abuse@rt.ru
via RU-RTK-20100209
└ 178.45.232.0/212,048VOLGA-SARANSK-DYNPOOL-070212Dynamic IP Pools for customers in theASSIGNED PAFeb 7, 2012abuse@rt.ru
via RU-RTK-20100209
└ 178.45.240.0/212,048VOLGA-RESERVED-25-03-2013Reserved for future needsASSIGNED PAMar 25, 2013abuse@rt.ru
via RU-RTK-20100209
└ 178.45.248.0/23512VTK-AS-TECHNET2Technological IP address spaceASSIGNED PADec 30, 2010abuse@rt.ru
via RU-RTK-20100209
└ 178.45.250.0/23512VTK-AS-TECHNET2Technological IP address spaceASSIGNED PAFeb 15, 2012abuse@rt.ru
via RU-RTK-20100209
└ 178.45.252.0/24256VTK-AS-TECHNET3Technological IP address spaceASSIGNED PAFeb 15, 2012abuse@rt.ru
via RU-RTK-20100209
└ 178.45.253.0 - 178.45.255.255768VTK-AS-TECHNET4Technological IP address spaceASSIGNED PADec 26, 2012abuse@rt.ru
via RU-RTK-20100209
└ 178.46.0.0/221,024USI_ADSL_USERSDynamic distribution IP's for broadband servicesASSIGNED PAJun 22, 2011abuse@rt.ru
via RU-RTK-20100209
└ 178.46.4.0/24256USI_ADSL_Leased_LineStatic distribution IP's for broadband servicesASSIGNED PAJun 22, 2011abuse@rt.ru
via RU-RTK-20100209
└ 178.46.5.0 - 178.46.15.2552,816USI_ADSL_USERSDynamic distribution IP's for broadband servicesASSIGNED PAJun 22, 2011abuse@rt.ru
via RU-RTK-20100209
└ 178.46.16.0/204,096USI_ADSL_USERSDynamic distribution IP's for broadband servicesASSIGNED PAApr 12, 2010abuse@rt.ru
via RU-RTK-20100209
└ 178.46.32.0/198,192USI_ADSL_USERSDynamic distribution IP's for broadband servicesASSIGNED PADec 23, 2010abuse@rt.ru
via RU-RTK-20100209
└ 178.46.64.0/1816,384USI_ADSL_USERSDynamic distribution IP's for broadband servicesASSIGNED PAApr 19, 2010abuse@rt.ru
via RU-RTK-20100209
└ 178.46.128.0/204,096USI_ADSL_USERSDynamic distribution IP's for broadband servicesASSIGNED PAMay 31, 2010abuse@rt.ru
via RU-RTK-20100209
└ 178.46.144.0/204,096USI_ADSL_USERSDynamic distribution IP's for broadband servicesASSIGNED PAJul 19, 2010abuse@rt.ru
via RU-RTK-20100209
└ 178.46.160.0/204,096USI_ADSL_USERSDynamic distribution IP's for broadband servicesASSIGNED PAAug 4, 2010abuse@rt.ru
via RU-RTK-20100209
└ 178.46.176.0/23512USI_ADSL_USERSDynamic distribution IP's for broadband servicesASSIGNED PAFeb 7, 2011abuse@rt.ru
via RU-RTK-20100209
└ 178.46.178.0 - 178.46.191.2553,584USI_ADSL_USERSDynamic distribution IP's for broadband servicesASSIGNED PAFeb 7, 2011abuse@rt.ru
via RU-RTK-20100209
└ 178.46.192.0/204,096USI_ADSL_USERSDynamic distribution IP's for broadband servicesASSIGNED PAOct 5, 2010abuse@rt.ru
via RU-RTK-20100209
└ 178.46.208.0/204,096USI_ADSL_USERSDynamic distribution IP's for broadband servicesASSIGNED PAOct 18, 2010abuse@rt.ru
via RU-RTK-20100209
└ 178.46.224.0/198,192USI_ADSL_USERSDynamic distribution IP's for broadband servicesASSIGNED PAOct 18, 2010abuse@rt.ru
via RU-RTK-20100209
└ 178.47.0.0/204,096USI_ADSL_USERSDynamic distribution IP's for broadband servicesASSIGNED PAOct 18, 2010abuse@rt.ru
via RU-RTK-20100209
└ 178.47.16.0/204,096USI_ADSL_USERSDynamic distribution IP's for broadband servicesASSIGNED PAOct 18, 2010abuse@rt.ru
via RU-RTK-20100209
└ 178.47.32.0/23512USI_ADSL_USERSDynamic distribution IP's for broadband servicesASSIGNED PADec 23, 2010abuse@rt.ru
via RU-RTK-20100209
└ 178.47.34.0 - 178.47.47.2553,584USI_ADSL_USERSDynamic distribution IP's for broadband servicesASSIGNED PAMar 20, 2012abuse@rt.ru
via RU-RTK-20100209
└ 178.47.48.0/204,096USI_ADSL_USERSDynamic distribution IP's for broadband servicesASSIGNED PADec 14, 2010abuse@rt.ru
via RU-RTK-20100209
└ 178.47.64.0/198,192USI_ADSL_USERSDynamic distribution IP's for broadband servicesASSIGNED PADec 10, 2010abuse@rt.ru
via RU-RTK-20100209
└ 178.47.96.0/198,192USI_ADSL_USERSDynamic distribution IP's for broadband servicesASSIGNED PADec 10, 2010abuse@rt.ru
via RU-RTK-20100209
└ 178.47.128.0/212,048USI_ADSL_USERSDynamic distribution IP's for broadband servicesASSIGNED PAFeb 7, 2011abuse@rt.ru
via RU-RTK-20100209
└ 178.47.136.0/221,024Argus_internet_Perm1Static distribution IP's for broadband servicesASSIGNED PAJan 27, 2012abuse@rt.ru
via RU-RTK-20100209
└ 178.47.140.0/221,024USI_ADSL_USERSDynamic distribution IP's for broadband servicesASSIGNED PAMar 21, 2012abuse@rt.ru
via RU-RTK-20100209
└ 178.47.144.0/204,096USI_ADSL_USERSDynamic distribution IP's for broadband servicesASSIGNED PADec 14, 2010abuse@rt.ru
via RU-RTK-20100209
└ 178.47.160.0/198,192USI_ADSL_USERSDynamic distribution IP's for broadband servicesASSIGNED PADec 21, 2010abuse@rt.ru
via RU-RTK-20100209
└ 178.47.192.0/204,096USI_ADSL_USERSDynamic distribution IP's for broadband servicesASSIGNED PADec 21, 2010abuse@rt.ru
via RU-RTK-20100209
└ 178.47.208.0/204,096USI_ADSL_USERSDynamic distribution IP's for broadband servicesASSIGNED PADec 23, 2010abuse@rt.ru
via RU-RTK-20100209
└ 178.47.224.0/212,048USI_ADSL_USERSDynamic distribution IP's for broadband servicesASSIGNED PAMar 2, 2011abuse@rt.ru
via RU-RTK-20100209
└ 178.47.232.0/212,048USI_ADSL_USERSDynamic distribution IP's for broadband servicesASSIGNED PAMar 2, 2011abuse@rt.ru
via RU-RTK-20100209
└ 178.47.240.0/204,096USI_ADSL_USERSDynamic distribution IP's for broadband servicesASSIGNED PAFeb 21, 2012abuse@rt.ru
via RU-RTK-20100209

A contact marked “via” is the registry's: the record names none of its own, so the registry hands down its parent's.

Composition

The types across the prefix's announced space, by addresses.

Announced space

Address share

Announced space

Types across the prefix

262,144 addresses
TypeAddressesShareRanges
Residential262,143>99%58
VPNanonymizer1<0.01%1

Network & registry

AnnouncementRouting historyRPKI & IRRWhois & abuse
Routing timeline

Who has announced this prefix

Summary

Routing history

Pattern
Stable
First seen
Sep 2018
Current origin since
Sep 2018 · 8.2 yr
Origin networks
1