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Data as of Nov 10, 2026

178.45.32.0/19

1 anonymizer address · 0.01% · VPN2,468 residential-proxy exits · 30 days

PJSC Rostelecom

Announcement
this exact prefix
RPKI valid
Announced by
AS12389
Type
Residential
>99% of it

Residential-proxy exits

Proxy exits
2,468
30% of its addresses · 30 days
Always-on exits
17
0.69% of its exits
Spread
32 of 32
/24s with at least one exit
Providers
113
selling exits here
Oct 11, 2026 – Nov 9, 2026

Exits seen per day

171K observations
  • VPN · anonymizer
  • Residential

/24s with the most always-on exits

/24Always-on exitsProxy exits
178.45.62.0/24285
178.45.33.0/24283
178.45.51.0/24279
178.45.32.0/24279
178.45.58.0/24186
178.45.60.0/24186
178.45.43.0/24184
178.45.40.0/24181
178.45.37.0/24180
178.45.57.0/24179
178.45.53.0/24178
178.45.46.0/24176
178.45.63.0/24176
178.45.34.0/24094
178.45.52.0/24093
178.45.59.0/24087
178.45.44.0/24081
178.45.38.0/24079
178.45.42.0/24079
178.45.35.0/24078
178.45.49.0/24077
178.45.56.0/24074
178.45.45.0/24074
178.45.54.0/24073

Proxy providers listing exits

  • 2Captcha
  • 711Proxy
  • 911Proxy
  • 9Proxy
  • ASHBURNPROXIES
  • Ake.net
  • AnyIP
  • B2Proxy
  • BartProxies
  • BestProxy
  • BirdProxies
  • BlurPath
  • BottingTools
  • BuyingProxy
  • ByteProxies
  • Byteful
  • CatProxies
  • CliProxy
  • DataImpulse
  • Datarama
  • Decodo
  • EVOPROXY
  • EZProxies
  • EnigmaProxy
  • Evomi
  • FLEETPROXY
  • FastProxy
  • FlashProxy
  • FlexyProxies
  • FloppyData
  • GSocks
  • Geonix
  • Geonode
  • GhostConnect
  • GloryCloud
  • GoProxies
  • GonzoProxy
  • HPROXY
  • HideProxy
  • HydraProxy
  • IPCola
  • IPFly
  • IPMUSK
  • IPOasis
  • IPPeak
  • IPRoyal
  • Infatica
  • InfiniteProxies
  • KindProxy
  • Kookey
  • LemonLabs
  • LemonPrime
  • LightningProxies
  • LudaxProxy
  • MangoProxy
  • Maskify
  • MoMoProxy
  • NSocks
  • NextProxy
  • NiuProxy
  • NodeMaven
  • NodeProxy
  • NovProxy
  • NovaProxy
  • Novada
  • Oxylabs
  • PROXYON
  • PROXYSCRAPE
  • PROXYWING_BASIC
  • PSBProxy
  • PrivateByte
  • PrivateProxy
  • Proxies.fo
  • ProxiesVision
  • Proxio
  • Proxiware
  • Proxmint
  • Proxy-Seller
  • Proxy4U
  • ProxyEmpire
  • ProxyGeo
  • ProxyHat
  • ProxyRack
  • ProxyStyler
  • ProxyWing
  • Proxying
  • Proxyma
  • PuraRoute
  • Q2IP
  • RH7Proxy
  • RainProxy
  • RapidProxy
  • ResiProxies
  • RoamProxy
  • RolaProxy
  • SPYDERPROXY_BASIC
  • SPYDERPROXY_PREMIUM
  • Shifter
  • Smartproxy
  • StrikeProxy
  • SwiftProxy
  • TalorData
  • Thordata
  • TrueProxies
  • VProxy
  • VantageProxies
  • VibeProxies
  • VitalData
  • VitalExclusive
  • VitalProxy
  • YumiProxy
  • ZENPROXY_LITE
  • ZENPROXY_PREMIUM
IPv4 market

Path

1 · Holder
PJSC Rostelecom
record created Oct 31, 2011
2 · Leased from
not leased
3 · Announced by
AS12389 PJSC Rostelecom
since Jun 2016 · 10.4 yr ago
4 · Use
VPN servicesnamed VPN Gate
Residential

Operators, sellers and brokers

VPN services

NameParentIn 178.45.32.0/19/24s
VPN GateUniversity of Tsukuba
10.01%
1

Lineage

How this block came to its use, oldest first. The whole IPv4 market →

178.45.32.0/19

From the registry to its use

  1. Jan 15, 2011– Jun 22, 2016
    Announced
    AS15500 PJSC Rostelecom
  2. Oct 19, 2011
    Assigned
    Dynamic pools for clients in the Samara branch
    ASSIGNED PA
    178.45.32.0 - 178.45.127.255
  3. Oct 31, 2011
    Registry record
    PJSC Rostelecom
    ALLOCATED PA
    178.44.0.0/14
  4. Jun 28, 2016– today
    Announced
    AS12389 PJSC Rostelecom
    Internet provider
  5. Sep 10, 2018– today
    Announced
    AS12389 PJSC Rostelecom
    as part of 178.44.0.0/14
    178.44.0.0/14
  6. Oct 3, 2018
    Route object
    AS12389 PJSC Rostelecom
    RIPE route object for AS12389 PJSC Rostelecom, maintainer ROSTELECOM-MNT
  7. today
    Used
    VPN Gate
    VPN

Announcements

Less specific

Covering announcements

PrefixOriginTypeProxy exitsHolderRPKI
178.44.0.0/14
since Sep 2018
AS12389Residential65,525
650 always on
PJSC Rostelecom

Registrations in this block

The registry's network records over the announcement: those covering it, widest first, then every record inside it, under its parent.

RangeAddressesNetnameHolderTypeCreatedAbuse contact
178.44.0.0/14262,144RU-RTK-20100209PJSC Rostelecom (ORG-JR8-RIPE) · RUALLOCATED PAOct 31, 2011abuse@rt.ru
└ 178.45.32.0 - 178.45.127.25524,576VOLGATELECOM-SAMARA-TLT-DYNPOOL-122009Dynamic pools for clients in the Samara branchASSIGNED PAOct 19, 2011abuse@rt.ru
via RU-RTK-20100209

A contact marked “via” is the registry's: the record names none of its own, so the registry hands down its parent's.

Composition

The types across the prefix's announced space, by addresses.

Announced space

Address share

Announced space

Types across the prefix

8,192 addresses
TypeAddressesShareRanges
Residential8,191>99%2
VPNanonymizer10.01%1

Network & registry

AnnouncementRouting historyRPKI & IRRWhois & abuse
Routing timeline

Covering aggregate above, the prefix's own history below

Summary

Routing history

Pattern
Stable
First seen
Jan 2011
Current origin since
Jun 2016 · 10 yr
Origin networks
2
Last change of origin
Jun 2016
Recorded history

History

Handoffs
1