Data as of Nov 5, 2026

188.16.0.0/14

1 anonymizer address · <0.01% · VPN

PJSC Rostelecom

Announcement

this exact prefix

RPKI valid

Announced by

AS12389

Type

Residential

>99% of it

Residential-proxy exits

Proxy exits

73,849

28% of its addresses · listed by providers

Always-on exits

0.12% of its exits

Spread

705 of 1,024

/24s with at least one exit

Providers

117

selling exits here

/24s with the most always-on exits

/24	Always-on exits	Proxy exits
188.17.155.0/24	7	21
188.17.149.0/24	6	27
188.19.201.0/24	6	11
188.18.7.0/24	4	19
188.18.52.0/24	4	19
188.17.152.0/24	4	18
188.17.228.0/24	4	15
188.18.55.0/24	3	22
188.19.15.0/24	3	19
188.17.153.0/24	3	19
188.18.15.0/24	3	11
188.18.54.0/24	2	21
188.17.156.0/24	2	20
188.17.229.0/24	2	18
188.17.117.0/24	2	18
188.17.116.0/24	2	12
188.18.49.0/24	2	4
188.18.160.0/24	1	255
188.18.173.0/24	1	254
188.18.174.0/24	1	252
188.18.161.0/24	1	250
188.18.170.0/24	1	250
188.19.160.0/24	1	244
188.19.48.0/24	1	230

Proxy providers listing exits

2Captcha
2Extract
711Proxy
9Proxy
Ake.net
AnyIP
B2Proxy
BartProxies
BestProxy
BirdProxies
BlurPath
BottingTools
Bright Data
BuyingProxy
ByteProxies
Byteful
CatProxies
CliProxy
ColaProxy
CoreProxy
DataImpulse
Datarama
Decodo
EZProxies
EnigmaProxy
Evomi
FastProxy
FlashProxy
FlexyProxies
FloppyData
FuseProxy
GSocks
GeekProxy
Geonix
Geonode
GhostConnect
GloryCloud
GoProxies
GonzoProxy
HideProxy
HydraProxy
IPCola
IPFly
IPOasis
IPPeak
IPRoyal
Infatica
InfiniteProxies
KindProxy
Kookey
LemonBright
LemonLabs
LemonPrime
LightningProxies
LudaxProxy
MagneticProxy
MangoProxy
MarsProxies
Maskify
MoMoProxy
MrScraper
NSocks
NextProxy
NiuProxy
NodeMaven
NodeProxy
NovProxy
NovaProxy
Novada
Oxylabs
PSBProxy
PacketStream
PrivateByte
PrivateProxy
Proxies.fo
ProxiesVision
Proxio
Proxiware
Proxmint
Proxy-Cheap
Proxy-Seller
Proxy302
Proxy4U
ProxyEmpire
ProxyGeo
ProxyHat
ProxyRack
ProxyStyler
ProxyWing
Proxying
Proxyma
PuraRoute
Q2IP
RainProxy
RapidProxy
RealProxy
ResiProxies
RoamProxy
RolaProxy
Shifter
Smartproxy
SpyderProxy
StrikeProxy
SwiftProxy
TalorData
Thordata
ThunderProxy
TrueProxies
TrustProxy
VProxy
VantageProxies
VibeProxies
VitalData
VitalExclusive
VitalProxy
Webshare
YumiProxy

IPv4 market

Path

1 · Holder

PJSC Rostelecom

record created Feb 3, 2009

2 · Leased from

not leased

3 · Announced by

AS12389 PJSC Rostelecom

since Oct 2018 · 8.0 yr ago

4 · Use

VPN servicesnamed VPN Gate

Residential

Operators, sellers and brokers

VPN services

Name	Parent	In 188.16.0.0/14	/24s
VPN Gate	University of Tsukuba	1<0.01%	1

Lineage

How this block came to its use, oldest first. The whole IPv4 market →

188.16.0.0/14

From the registry to its use

Feb 3, 2009
Registry record
PJSC Rostelecom
ALLOCATED PA
188.16.0.0/14
Oct 28, 2018– today
Announced
AS12389 PJSC Rostelecom
Internet provider
Oct 30, 2018
Route object
AS12389 PJSC Rostelecom
RIPE route object for AS12389 PJSC Rostelecom, maintainer ROSTELECOM-MNT
Oct 31, 2018
Route object
AS12389 PJSC Rostelecom
RIPE route object for AS12389 PJSC Rostelecom, maintainer ROSTELECOM-MNT
188.17.192.0/20
Oct 31, 2018
Route object
AS12389 PJSC Rostelecom
RIPE route object for AS12389 PJSC Rostelecom, maintainer ROSTELECOM-MNT
188.19.240.0/20
Jun 21, 2025
Route object
AS12389 PJSC Rostelecom
RIPE route object for AS12389 PJSC Rostelecom, maintainer ROSTELECOM-MNT
188.17.192.0/21
Jun 21, 2025
Route object
AS12389 PJSC Rostelecom
RIPE route object for AS12389 PJSC Rostelecom, maintainer ROSTELECOM-MNT
188.17.200.0/21
today
Used
VPN Gate
VPN

Announcements

Nesting

More-specifics by size

Sized by addresses, colored by each announcement's type. Click a tile with children to zoom in, a leaf to open it.

More specific

Announcements inside

Arrived

Sort

Prefix	Origin	Type	Anonymizer addresses	Operator	Proxy exits	Holder
188.16.0.0/18 since Nov 2017	AS12389	Residential			4,471	PJSC Rostelecom
188.16.64.0/18 since Aug 2017	AS12389	Residential			5,009	PJSC Rostelecom
188.16.128.0/20 since Jul 2017	AS12389	Residential				PJSC Rostelecom
188.16.129.0/24 since Mar 2024	AS12389	Residential				PJSC Rostelecom
188.16.144.0/20 since Mar 2017	AS12389	Residential			624	PJSC Rostelecom
188.16.144.0/21 since Dec 2024	AS12389	Residential			618	PJSC Rostelecom
188.16.152.0/21 since Apr 2017	AS12389	Residential			6	PJSC Rostelecom
188.16.160.0/20 since Aug 2017	AS12389	Residential			12	PJSC Rostelecom
188.16.160.0/22 since Nov 2019	AS12389	Residential				PJSC Rostelecom
188.16.176.0/20 since Mar 2017	AS12389	Residential				PJSC Rostelecom
188.17.0.0/18 since Aug 2017	AS12389	Residential			5,128	PJSC Rostelecom
188.17.64.0/19 since Aug 2017	AS12389	Residential			2,592	PJSC Rostelecom
188.17.64.0/20 since Jan 2025	AS12389	Residential			1,291	PJSC Rostelecom
188.17.96.0/20 since Jul 2017	AS12389	Residential			1,262	PJSC Rostelecom
188.17.112.0/21 since Apr 2017	AS12389	Residential			30 4 always on	PJSC Rostelecom
188.17.116.0/23 since Jan 2022	AS12668	Residential			30 4 always on	PJSC Rostelecom
188.17.120.0/21 since Apr 2017	AS12389	Residential				PJSC Rostelecom
188.17.128.0/20 since Mar 2017	AS12389	Residential			3	PJSC Rostelecom
188.17.144.0/20 since Aug 2017	AS12389	Residential			189 27 always on	PJSC Rostelecom
188.17.160.0/19 since Nov 2017	AS12389	Residential			6,295	PJSC Rostelecom
188.17.160.0/20 since Dec 2017	AS12389	Residential			3,137	PJSC Rostelecom
188.17.160.0/21 since Dec 2017	AS12389	Residential			1,584	PJSC Rostelecom
188.17.176.0/20 since Dec 2017	AS12389	Residential			3,158	PJSC Rostelecom
188.17.176.0/21 since Dec 2017	AS12389	Residential			1,586	PJSC Rostelecom
188.17.208.0/20 since Jul 2017	AS12389	Residential			3,766	PJSC Rostelecom
188.17.224.0/19 since Jul 2017	AS12389	Residential			1,349 6 always on	PJSC Rostelecom
188.17.224.0/24 since May 2018	AS12389	Residential				PJSC Rostelecom
188.18.0.0/20 since Mar 2017	AS12389	Residential			58 11 always on	PJSC Rostelecom
188.18.16.0/20 since Jul 2017	AS12389	Residential			1,245	PJSC Rostelecom
188.18.32.0/20 since Sep 2018	AS12389	Residential			1,158	PJSC Rostelecom
188.18.48.0/22 since Aug 2017	AS12389	Residential			7 2 always on	PJSC Rostelecom
188.18.52.0/22 since Aug 2017	AS12389	Residential			76 9 always on	PJSC Rostelecom
188.18.56.0/21 since Aug 2017	AS12389	Residential				PJSC Rostelecom
188.18.64.0/19 since Aug 2017	AS12389	Residential			2,489	PJSC Rostelecom
188.18.96.0/21 since Aug 2017	AS12389	Residential				PJSC Rostelecom
188.18.104.0/22 since Mar 2017	AS12389	Residential				PJSC Rostelecom
188.18.108.0/22 since Mar 2017	AS12389	Residential				PJSC Rostelecom
188.18.112.0/20 since Nov 2017	AS12389	Residential			7 1 always on	PJSC Rostelecom
188.18.112.0/24 since Feb 2021	AS12668	Residential				PJSC Rostelecom
188.18.113.0/24 since Feb 2021	AS12668	Residential				PJSC Rostelecom
188.18.116.0/24 since Nov 2023	AS12668	Residential			7 1 always on	PJSC Rostelecom
188.18.128.0/18 since Nov 2017	AS12389	Residential	1<0.01%VPN	VPN servicesoperated by VPN Gate	6,371 5 always on	PJSC Rostelecom
188.18.192.0/20 since Apr 2017	AS12389	Residential			1,118	PJSC Rostelecom
188.18.208.0/20 since Aug 2017	AS12389	Residential			970	PJSC Rostelecom
188.18.224.0/20 since Jul 2017	AS12389	Residential			3,759	PJSC Rostelecom
188.18.240.0/20 since Aug 2017	AS12389	Residential			2,460	PJSC Rostelecom
188.19.0.0/20 since Aug 2017	AS12389	Residential			59 6 always on	PJSC Rostelecom
188.19.16.0/20 since Aug 2017	AS12389	Residential			1,184	PJSC Rostelecom
188.19.32.0/20 since Jul 2017	AS12389	Residential			3,758	PJSC Rostelecom
188.19.48.0/20 since Aug 2017	AS12389	Residential			3,836 1 always on	PJSC Rostelecom
188.19.64.0/20 since Nov 2017	AS12389	Residential			39 5 always on	PJSC Rostelecom
188.19.65.0/24 since Nov 2019	AS12389	Residential			3 1 always on	PJSC Rostelecom
188.19.80.0/20 since Nov 2017	AS12389	Residential			19 2 always on	PJSC Rostelecom
188.19.80.0/24 since Nov 2019	AS12389	Residential				PJSC Rostelecom
188.19.81.0/24 since Nov 2019	AS12389	Residential				PJSC Rostelecom
188.19.83.0/24 since Nov 2019	AS12389	Residential				PJSC Rostelecom
188.19.96.0/20 since Aug 2017	AS12389	Residential			1,226	PJSC Rostelecom
188.19.112.0/20 since Jul 2017	AS12389	Residential			13 1 always on	PJSC Rostelecom
188.19.123.0/24 since May 2017	AS12389	Residential				PJSC Rostelecom
188.19.124.0/23 since Nov 2017	AS12389	Residential				PJSC Rostelecom
188.19.127.0/24 since Jul 2017	AS12389	Residential				PJSC Rostelecom
188.19.128.0/21 since Nov 2017	AS12389	Residential			1	PJSC Rostelecom
188.19.136.0/21 since Mar 2017	AS12389	Residential				PJSC Rostelecom
188.19.144.0/20 since Aug 2017	AS12389	Residential			1,265	PJSC Rostelecom
188.19.160.0/20 since Aug 2017	AS12389	Residential			3,627 1 always on	PJSC Rostelecom
188.19.176.0/20 since Mar 2017	AS12389	Residential			1,215	PJSC Rostelecom
188.19.192.0/20 since Aug 2017	AS12389	Residential			63 8 always on	PJSC Rostelecom
188.19.208.0/20 since Mar 2017	AS12389	Residential				PJSC Rostelecom
188.19.224.0/20 since Mar 2017	AS12389	Residential				PJSC Rostelecom

Registrations in this block

The registry's network records over the announcement: those covering it, widest first, then every record inside it, under its parent.

Range	Addresses	Netname	Holder	Type	Created	Abuse contact
188.16.0.0/14	262,144	RU-RTK-20090203	PJSC Rostelecom (ORG-JR8-RIPE) · RU	ALLOCATED PA	Feb 3, 2009	abuse@rt.ru
└ 188.16.0.0/18	16,384	USI_ADSL_USERS	Dynamic distribution IP's for broadband services	ASSIGNED PA	Oct 21, 2009	abuse@rt.ru via RU-RTK-20090203
└ 188.16.64.0/18	16,384	USI_ADSL_USERS	Dynamic distribution IP's for broadband services	ASSIGNED PA	Oct 21, 2009	abuse@rt.ru via RU-RTK-20090203
└ 188.16.128.0/20	4,096	USI_ADSL_USERS	Dynamic distribution IP's for broadband services	ASSIGNED PA	Sep 17, 2009	abuse@rt.ru via RU-RTK-20090203
└ 188.16.144.0/21	2,048	USI_ADSL_USERS	Dynamic distribution IP's for broadband services	ASSIGNED PA	Sep 17, 2009	abuse@rt.ru via RU-RTK-20090203
└ 188.16.152.0/21	2,048	USI_ADSL_USERS	Dynamic distribution IP's for broadband services	ASSIGNED PA	Sep 17, 2009	abuse@rt.ru via RU-RTK-20090203
└ 188.16.160.0/20	4,096	USI_ADSL_USERS	Dynamic distribution IP's for broadband services	ASSIGNED PA	Oct 21, 2009	abuse@rt.ru via RU-RTK-20090203
└ 188.16.176.0/20	4,096	USI_ADSL_USERS	Dynamic distribution IP's for broadband services	ASSIGNED PA	Oct 21, 2009	abuse@rt.ru via RU-RTK-20090203
└ 188.16.192.0/18	16,384	USI_ADSL_USERS	Dynamic distribution IP's for broadband services	ASSIGNED PA	Oct 21, 2009	abuse@rt.ru via RU-RTK-20090203
└ 188.17.0.0/18	16,384	USI_ADSL_USERS	Dynamic distribution IP's for broadband services	ASSIGNED PA	Oct 21, 2009	abuse@rt.ru via RU-RTK-20090203
└ 188.17.64.0/19	8,192	USI_ADSL_USERS	Dynamic distribution IP's for broadband services	ASSIGNED PA	Oct 21, 2009	abuse@rt.ru via RU-RTK-20090203
└ 188.17.96.0/20	4,096	USI_ADSL_USERS	Dynamic distribution IP's for broadband services	ASSIGNED PA	Oct 21, 2009	abuse@rt.ru via RU-RTK-20090203
└ 188.17.112.0/21	2,048	USI_ADSL_USERS	unknown	SUB-ALLOCATED PA	Dec 28, 2021	abuse@rt.ru via RU-RTK-20090203
└ 188.17.116.0/23	512	PLANETA_B2C	unknown	SUB-ALLOCATED PA	Dec 28, 2021	abuse@rt.ru via USI_ADSL_USERS
└ 188.17.116.0/24	256	MIRALOGIC-NET	LLC "KomTehCentr" (ORG-EP3-RIPE) · RU	ASSIGNED PA	Dec 29, 2021	noc@itmh.ru
└ 188.17.117.0/24	256	MIRALOGIC-NET	LLC "KomTehCentr" (ORG-EP3-RIPE) · RU	ASSIGNED PA	Dec 29, 2021	noc@itmh.ru
└ 188.17.120.0/21	2,048	USI_ADSL_USERS	Dynamic distribution IP's for broadband services	ASSIGNED PA	Oct 21, 2009	abuse@rt.ru via RU-RTK-20090203
└ 188.17.128.0/24	256	USI_ADSL_USERS	Dynamic distribution IP's for broadband services	ASSIGNED PA	Feb 9, 2010	abuse@rt.ru via RU-RTK-20090203
└ 188.17.129.0/24	256	USI_ADSL_USERS	Dynamic distribution IP's for broadband services	ASSIGNED PA	Feb 9, 2010	abuse@rt.ru via RU-RTK-20090203
└ 188.17.130.0/24	256	USI_ADSL_USERS	Dynamic distribution IP's for broadband services	ASSIGNED PA	Feb 9, 2010	abuse@rt.ru via RU-RTK-20090203
└ 188.17.131.0/24	256	USI_ADSL_USERS	Dynamic distribution IP's for broadband services	ASSIGNED PA	Feb 9, 2010	abuse@rt.ru via RU-RTK-20090203
└ 188.17.132.0/24	256	USI_ADSL_USERS	Dynamic distribution IP's for broadband services	ASSIGNED PA	Feb 9, 2010	abuse@rt.ru via RU-RTK-20090203
└ 188.17.133.0/24	256	USI_ADSL_USERS	Dynamic distribution IP's for broadband services	ASSIGNED PA	Jun 25, 2012	abuse@rt.ru via RU-RTK-20090203
└ 188.17.134.0/24	256	USI_ADSL_USERS	Dynamic distribution IP's for broadband services	ASSIGNED PA	Feb 9, 2010	abuse@rt.ru via RU-RTK-20090203
└ 188.17.135.0/24	256	USI_ADSL_USERS	Dynamic distribution IP's for broadband services	ASSIGNED PA	Mar 20, 2012	abuse@rt.ru via RU-RTK-20090203
└ 188.17.136.0/24	256	USI_ADSL_USERS	Dynamic distribution IP's for broadband services	ASSIGNED PA	Feb 9, 2010	abuse@rt.ru via RU-RTK-20090203
└ 188.17.137.0/24	256	USI_ADSL_USERS	Dynamic distribution IP's for broadband services	ASSIGNED PA	Feb 9, 2010	abuse@rt.ru via RU-RTK-20090203
└ 188.17.138.0/24	256	USI_ADSL_USERS	Dynamic distribution IP's for broadband services	ASSIGNED PA	Feb 9, 2010	abuse@rt.ru via RU-RTK-20090203
└ 188.17.139.0/24	256	USI_ADSL_USERS	Dynamic distribution IP's for broadband services	ASSIGNED PA	Feb 9, 2010	abuse@rt.ru via RU-RTK-20090203
└ 188.17.140.0/24	256	USI_ADSL_USERS	Dynamic distribution IP's for broadband services	ASSIGNED PA	Feb 9, 2010	abuse@rt.ru via RU-RTK-20090203
└ 188.17.141.0/24	256	USI_ADSL_USERS	Dynamic distribution IP's for broadband services	ASSIGNED PA	Feb 9, 2010	abuse@rt.ru via RU-RTK-20090203
└ 188.17.142.0/24	256	USI_ADSL_USERS	Dynamic distribution IP's for broadband services	ASSIGNED PA	Feb 9, 2010	abuse@rt.ru via RU-RTK-20090203
└ 188.17.143.0/24	256	USI_ADSL_USERS	Dynamic distribution IP's for broadband services	ASSIGNED PA	Feb 9, 2010	abuse@rt.ru via RU-RTK-20090203
└ 188.17.144.8/29	8	MIR-SUD-PERM	Agency on maintenance of activity of world judges of the Perm edge, Perm, Russia	ASSIGNED PA	Nov 22, 2010	abuse@rt.ru via RU-RTK-20090203
└ 188.17.144.16/29	8	MIR-SUD-PERM	Agency on maintenance of activity of world judges of the Perm edge, Perm region, Russia	ASSIGNED PA	Oct 29, 2010	abuse@rt.ru via RU-RTK-20090203
└ 188.17.144.24/29	8	MIR-SUD-PERM	Agency on maintenance of activity of world judges of the Perm edge, Perm region, Russia	ASSIGNED PA	Dec 7, 2010	abuse@rt.ru via RU-RTK-20090203
└ 188.17.144.32/29	8	MIR-SUD-PERM	Agency on maintenance of activity of world judges of the Perm edge, Perm region, Russia	ASSIGNED PA	Nov 30, 2010	abuse@rt.ru via RU-RTK-20090203
└ 188.17.144.40/29	8	MIR-SUD-PERM	Agency on maintenance of activity of world judges of the Perm edge, Perm region, Russia	ASSIGNED PA	Nov 19, 2010	abuse@rt.ru via RU-RTK-20090203
└ 188.17.144.48/29	8	MIR-SUD-PERM	Agency on maintenance of activity of world judges of the Perm edge, Perm region, Russia	ASSIGNED PA	Nov 30, 2010	abuse@rt.ru via RU-RTK-20090203
└ 188.17.144.56/29	8	MIR-SUD-PERM	Agency on maintenance of activity of world judges of the Perm edge, Perm region, Russia	ASSIGNED PA	Nov 22, 2010	abuse@rt.ru via RU-RTK-20090203
└ 188.17.144.64/29	8	MIR-SUD-PERM	Agency on maintenance of activity of world judges of the Perm edge, Perm region, Russia	ASSIGNED PA	Oct 29, 2010	abuse@rt.ru via RU-RTK-20090203
└ 188.17.144.72/29	8	MIR-SUD-PERM	Agency on maintenance of activity of world judges of the Perm edge, Perm region, Russia	ASSIGNED PA	Nov 30, 2010	abuse@rt.ru via RU-RTK-20090203
└ 188.17.144.80/29	8	MIR-SUD-PERM	Agency on maintenance of activity of world judges of the Perm edge, Perm region, Russia	ASSIGNED PA	Nov 30, 2010	abuse@rt.ru via RU-RTK-20090203
└ 188.17.144.88/29	8	MIR-SUD-PERM	Agency on maintenance of activity of world judges of the Perm edge, Perm region, Russia	ASSIGNED PA	Nov 30, 2010	abuse@rt.ru via RU-RTK-20090203
└ 188.17.144.104/29	8	MIR-SUD-PERM	Agency on maintenance of activity of world judges of the Perm edge, Perm region, Russia	ASSIGNED PA	Oct 22, 2010	abuse@rt.ru via RU-RTK-20090203
└ 188.17.144.112/29	8	MIR-SUD-PERM	Agency on maintenance of activity of world judges of the Perm edge, Perm region, Russia	ASSIGNED PA	Nov 22, 2010	abuse@rt.ru via RU-RTK-20090203
└ 188.17.144.120/29	8	MIR-SUD-PERM	Agency on maintenance of activity of world judges of the Perm edge, Perm region, Russia	ASSIGNED PA	Nov 16, 2010	abuse@rt.ru via RU-RTK-20090203
└ 188.17.144.128/29	8	MIR-SUD-PERM	Agency on maintenance of activity of world judges of the Perm edge, Perm region, Russia	ASSIGNED PA	Oct 28, 2010	abuse@rt.ru via RU-RTK-20090203
└ 188.17.144.136/29	8	MIR-SUD-PERM	Agency on maintenance of activity of world judges of the Perm edge, Perm region, Russia	ASSIGNED PA	Oct 27, 2010	abuse@rt.ru via RU-RTK-20090203
└ 188.17.144.144/29	8	ALFABANK-PERM-NET	Alfa bank the Perm branch network, Perm, Russia	ASSIGNED PA	Jun 7, 2011	abuse@rt.ru via RU-RTK-20090203
└ 188.17.144.208/29	8	RASSVET-PERM-NET	Permian custom-house, Perm, Russia	ASSIGNED PA	Oct 22, 2009	abuse@rt.ru via RU-RTK-20090203
└ 188.17.144.216/29	8	CHAGPB-NET	Gazprombank Chaikovsky department network, Perm region, Russia	ASSIGNED PA	Dec 8, 2009	abuse@rt.ru via RU-RTK-20090203
└ 188.17.144.224/29	8	ZAGS-PERM-REGION	Committee ZAGS the Permian edge, Perm, Russia	ASSIGNED PA	Oct 22, 2009	abuse@rt.ru via RU-RTK-20090203
└ 188.17.144.240/29	8	ANTOCOR-SHILD-PERM	Antocor shild, Perm, Russia	ASSIGNED PA	Oct 22, 2009	abuse@rt.ru via RU-RTK-20090203
└ 188.17.145.0/26	64	MSSS-NETWORK-PERM	Network for BRAS PRE-4	ASSIGNED PA	Oct 22, 2009	abuse@rt.ru via RU-RTK-20090203
└ 188.17.145.64/29	8	TEST-INT-PERM	Uralsvyazinform Network, Perm, Russia	ASSIGNED PA	Feb 2, 2010	abuse@rt.ru via RU-RTK-20090203
└ 188.17.145.128/25	128	USI-SDP-IMS-PERM	Network for test SDP IMS	ASSIGNED PA	Oct 22, 2009	abuse@rt.ru via RU-RTK-20090203
└ 188.17.146.40/29	8	UBRIR-PERM-NET	Ural bank of reconstruction and development, Perm, Russia	ASSIGNED PA	Dec 8, 2009	abuse@rt.ru via RU-RTK-20090203
└ 188.17.146.48/29	8	URSABANK-PERM-NET	Ursabank network, Perm region, Russia	ASSIGNED PA	Dec 8, 2009	abuse@rt.ru via RU-RTK-20090203
└ 188.17.146.64/29	8	PAIZHK-PERM-NET	Permian agency on the mortgage housing crediting network, Perm, Russia	ASSIGNED PA	Dec 10, 2009	abuse@rt.ru via RU-RTK-20090203
└ 188.17.146.72/29	8	GPB-NET	Perm Branch Gazprombank network, Perm region, Russia	ASSIGNED PA	Dec 18, 2009	abuse@rt.ru via RU-RTK-20090203
└ 188.17.146.88/29	8	ELDORADO-PERM-NET	Eldorado-Perm Network, Perm, Russia	ASSIGNED PA	Dec 18, 2009	abuse@rt.ru via RU-RTK-20090203
└ 188.17.146.96/29	8	ELDORADO-PERM-NET	Eldorado-Perm Network, Perm, Russia	ASSIGNED PA	Dec 18, 2009	abuse@rt.ru via RU-RTK-20090203
└ 188.17.146.104/29	8	ELDORADO-PERM-NET	Eldorado-Perm Network, Perm, Russia	ASSIGNED PA	Dec 18, 2009	abuse@rt.ru via RU-RTK-20090203
└ 188.17.146.112/29	8	ELDORADO-PERM-NET	Eldorado-Perm Network, Perm, Russia	ASSIGNED PA	Feb 2, 2010	abuse@rt.ru via RU-RTK-20090203
└ 188.17.146.120/29	8	ELDORADO-PERM-NET	Eldorado-Perm Network, Perm, Russia	ASSIGNED PA	Dec 18, 2009	abuse@rt.ru via RU-RTK-20090203
└ 188.17.146.128/29	8	ELDORADO-PERM-NET	Eldorado-Perm Network, Perm region, Russia	ASSIGNED PA	Dec 22, 2009	abuse@rt.ru via RU-RTK-20090203
└ 188.17.146.136/29	8	ELDORADO-PERM-NET	Eldorado-Perm Network, Perm region, Russia	ASSIGNED PA	Dec 22, 2009	abuse@rt.ru via RU-RTK-20090203
└ 188.17.146.152/29	8	RUS-TEL-COMP	Russian telephone company network, Perm, Russia	ASSIGNED PA	Jul 19, 2010	abuse@rt.ru via RU-RTK-20090203
└ 188.17.146.160/29	8	PERM-SPEC-KABEL	Permspeckabel network, Perm, Russia	ASSIGNED PA	Jun 1, 2010	abuse@rt.ru via RU-RTK-20090203
└ 188.17.146.168/29	8	PROTON-PERM-MOTOR	Proton the Perm motors, Perm, Russia	ASSIGNED PA	Dec 17, 2010	abuse@rt.ru via RU-RTK-20090203
└ 188.17.146.184/29	8	UNIT-ORG-TEH	Unit-Orgtehnika, Perm, Russia	ASSIGNED PA	Dec 23, 2010	abuse@rt.ru via RU-RTK-20090203
└ 188.17.146.224/27	32	KORONA-PERM-NET	Kompaniya Korona, Chernushka, Russia	ASSIGNED PA	Apr 27, 2010	abuse@rt.ru via RU-RTK-20090203
└ 188.17.147.64/28	16	AVIAENG-NET	Aviadvigatel JSC network, Perm, Russia	ASSIGNED PA	Dec 18, 2009	abuse@rt.ru via RU-RTK-20090203
└ 188.17.147.88/29	8	MIR-SUD-PERM	Agency on maintenance of activity of world judges of the Perm edge, Perm region, Russia	ASSIGNED PA	Jun 7, 2011	abuse@rt.ru via RU-RTK-20090203
└ 188.17.148.0/23	512	USI_ADSL_USERS	Dynamic distribution IP's for broadband services	ASSIGNED PA	Apr 7, 2010	abuse@rt.ru via RU-RTK-20090203
└ 188.17.150.0/24	256	USI_ADSL_USERS	Dynamic distribution IP's for broadband services	ASSIGNED PA	Oct 18, 2010	abuse@rt.ru via RU-RTK-20090203
└ 188.17.151.8/29	8	UBRIR-PERM-NET	Bank Ural bank of reconstruction and development, Perm, Russia	ASSIGNED PA	Jan 25, 2011	abuse@rt.ru via RU-RTK-20090203
└ 188.17.151.32/29	8	BANKMOSCOW-PERM-NET	Bank of Moscow the Perm branch network, Perm region, Russia	ASSIGNED PA	Jan 25, 2011	abuse@rt.ru via RU-RTK-20090203
└ 188.17.151.88/29	8	MIR-SUD-PERM	Agency on maintenance of activity of world judges of the Perm edge, Perm, Russia	ASSIGNED PA	Mar 29, 2011	abuse@rt.ru via RU-RTK-20090203
└ 188.17.151.104/29	8	PETROCOMMERCE-PERM-NET	Perm filial Petrocommerce bank network, Perm region, Russia	ASSIGNED PA	Mar 14, 2011	abuse@rt.ru via RU-RTK-20090203
└ 188.17.151.120/29	8	TRANS-CAPITAL-BANK	Trans-capital bank, Perm region, Russia	ASSIGNED PA	Jun 14, 2011	abuse@rt.ru via RU-RTK-20090203
└ 188.17.151.168/29	8	OBL-PROD-COM	Regional food company network, Perm region, Russia	ASSIGNED PA	Jun 14, 2011	abuse@rt.ru via RU-RTK-20090203
└ 188.17.151.184/29	8	OBL-PROD-COM	Regional food company network, Perm region, Russia	ASSIGNED PA	Jun 14, 2011	abuse@rt.ru via RU-RTK-20090203
└ 188.17.151.192/29	8	OBL-PROD-COM	Rostelecom network	ASSIGNED PA	Jun 10, 2011	abuse@rt.ru via RU-RTK-20090203
└ 188.17.151.200/29	8	OBL-PROD-COM	Regional food company network, Perm region, Russia	ASSIGNED PA	Jun 14, 2011	abuse@rt.ru via RU-RTK-20090203
└ 188.17.151.232/29	8	SIBUR-TRANS	Sibur trans company, Perm region, Russia	ASSIGNED PA	Jun 7, 2011	abuse@rt.ru via RU-RTK-20090203
└ 188.17.152.0/24	256	USI_ADSL_USERS	Dynamic distribution IP's for broadband services	ASSIGNED PA	Apr 7, 2010	abuse@rt.ru via RU-RTK-20090203
└ 188.17.153.0/24	256	USI_ADSL_USERS	Dynamic distribution IP's for broadband services	ASSIGNED PA	Apr 7, 2010	abuse@rt.ru via RU-RTK-20090203
└ 188.17.154.0/24	256	USI_ADSL_USERS	Dynamic distribution IP's for broadband services	ASSIGNED PA	Apr 7, 2010	abuse@rt.ru via RU-RTK-20090203
└ 188.17.155.0/24	256	USI_ADSL_USERS	Dynamic distribution IP's for broadband services	ASSIGNED PA	Apr 7, 2010	abuse@rt.ru via RU-RTK-20090203
└ 188.17.156.0/24	256	USI_ADSL_USERS	Dynamic distribution IP's for broadband services	ASSIGNED PA	Apr 7, 2010	abuse@rt.ru via RU-RTK-20090203
└ 188.17.157.0/24	256	USI_ADSL_USERS	Dynamic distribution IP's for broadband services	ASSIGNED PA	Apr 7, 2010	abuse@rt.ru via RU-RTK-20090203
└ 188.17.158.0/24	256	USI_ADSL_USERS	Dynamic distribution IP's for broadband services	ASSIGNED PA	Apr 7, 2010	abuse@rt.ru via RU-RTK-20090203
└ 188.17.159.0/24	256	USI_ADSL_USERS	Dynamic distribution IP's for broadband services	ASSIGNED PA	Apr 7, 2010	abuse@rt.ru via RU-RTK-20090203
└ 188.17.160.0/19	8,192	USI_ADSL_USERS	Dynamic distribution IP's for broadband services	ASSIGNED PA	Oct 21, 2009	abuse@rt.ru via RU-RTK-20090203
└ 188.17.192.0/20	4,096	USI_ADSL_USERS	Dynamic distribution IP's for broadband services	ASSIGNED PA	Oct 21, 2009	abuse@rt.ru via RU-RTK-20090203
└ 188.17.208.0/20	4,096	USI_ADSL_USERS	Dynamic distribution IP's for broadband services	ASSIGNED PA	Oct 21, 2009	abuse@rt.ru via RU-RTK-20090203
└ 188.17.224.0/19	8,192	USI_ADSL_USERS	Dynamic distribution IP's for broadband services	ASSIGNED PA	Oct 21, 2009	abuse@rt.ru via RU-RTK-20090203
└ 188.18.0.0/24	256	USI_ADSL_USERS	Dynamic distribution IP's for broadband services	ASSIGNED PA	Mar 20, 2012	abuse@rt.ru via RU-RTK-20090203
└ 188.18.1.0/24	256	USI_ADSL_USERS	Dynamic distribution IP's for broadband services	ASSIGNED PA	Dec 4, 2009	abuse@rt.ru via RU-RTK-20090203
└ 188.18.2.0 - 188.18.6.255	1,280	USI_ADSL_USERS	Dynamic distribution IP's for broadband services	ASSIGNED PA	Mar 20, 2012	abuse@rt.ru via RU-RTK-20090203
└ 188.18.7.0/24	256	USI_ADSL_USERS	Dynamic distribution IP's for broadband services	ASSIGNED PA	Feb 7, 2011	abuse@rt.ru via RU-RTK-20090203
└ 188.18.8.0/24	256	USI_ADSL_USERS	Dynamic distribution IP's for broadband services	ASSIGNED PA	Dec 4, 2009	abuse@rt.ru via RU-RTK-20090203
└ 188.18.9.0/24	256	USI_ADSL_USERS	Dynamic distribution IP's for broadband services	ASSIGNED PA	Dec 4, 2009	abuse@rt.ru via RU-RTK-20090203
└ 188.18.10.0/24	256	USI_ADSL_USERS	Dynamic distribution IP's for broadband services	ASSIGNED PA	Dec 4, 2009	abuse@rt.ru via RU-RTK-20090203
└ 188.18.11.0/24	256	USI_ADSL_USERS	Dynamic distribution IP's for broadband services	ASSIGNED PA	Dec 4, 2009	abuse@rt.ru via RU-RTK-20090203
└ 188.18.12.0/23	512	USI_ADSL_USERS	Dynamic distribution IP's for broadband services	ASSIGNED PA	Feb 7, 2011	abuse@rt.ru via RU-RTK-20090203
└ 188.18.14.0/24	256	USI_ADSL_USERS	Dynamic distribution IP's for broadband services	ASSIGNED PA	Jun 25, 2012	abuse@rt.ru via RU-RTK-20090203
└ 188.18.16.0/20	4,096	USI_ADSL_USERS	Dynamic distribution IP's for broadband services	ASSIGNED PA	Oct 21, 2009	abuse@rt.ru via RU-RTK-20090203
└ 188.18.32.0/20	4,096	USI_ADSL_USERS	Dynamic distribution IP's for broadband services	ASSIGNED PA	Oct 21, 2009	abuse@rt.ru via RU-RTK-20090203
└ 188.18.48.0/20	4,096	USI_ADSL_USERS	Dynamic distribution IP's for broadband services	ASSIGNED PA	Oct 21, 2009	abuse@rt.ru via RU-RTK-20090203
└ 188.18.64.0/19	8,192	USI_ADSL_USERS	Dynamic distribution IP's for broadband services	ASSIGNED PA	Oct 21, 2009	abuse@rt.ru via RU-RTK-20090203
└ 188.18.96.0/21	2,048	USI_ADSL_USERS	Dynamic distribution IP's for broadband services	ASSIGNED PA	Oct 21, 2009	abuse@rt.ru via RU-RTK-20090203
└ 188.18.104.0/22	1,024	USI_ADSL_USERS	Dynamic distribution IP's for broadband services	ASSIGNED PA	Oct 21, 2009	abuse@rt.ru via RU-RTK-20090203
└ 188.18.108.0/22	1,024	USI_ADSL_USERS	Dynamic distribution IP's for broadband services	ASSIGNED PA	Dec 2, 2009	abuse@rt.ru via RU-RTK-20090203
└ 188.18.112.0/20	4,096	USI_ADSL_USERS	unknown	SUB-ALLOCATED PA	Sep 27, 2023	abuse@rt.ru via RU-RTK-20090203
└ 188.18.112.0/24	256	MIRALOGIC-NET	LLC KOMTEHCENTR FTTB Customers	ASSIGNED PA	Oct 20, 2023	abuse@rt.ru via USI_ADSL_USERS
└ 188.18.113.0/24	256	MIRALOGIC-NET	LLC KOMTEHCENTR FTTB Customers	ASSIGNED PA	Oct 20, 2023	abuse@rt.ru via USI_ADSL_USERS
└ 188.18.116.0/24	256	MIRALOGIC-NET	LLC "KomTehCentr" (ORG-EP3-RIPE) · RU	ASSIGNED PA	Sep 27, 2023	noc@itmh.ru
└ 188.18.128.0/18	16,384	USI_ADSL_USERS	Dynamic distribution IP's for broadband services	ASSIGNED PA	Oct 21, 2009	abuse@rt.ru via RU-RTK-20090203
└ 188.18.192.0/20	4,096	USI_ADSL_USERS	Dynamic distribution IP's for broadband services	ASSIGNED PA	Oct 21, 2009	abuse@rt.ru via RU-RTK-20090203
└ 188.18.208.0/20	4,096	USI_ADSL_USERS	Dynamic distribution IP's for broadband services	ASSIGNED PA	Oct 21, 2009	abuse@rt.ru via RU-RTK-20090203
└ 188.18.224.0/20	4,096	USI_ADSL_USERS	Dynamic distribution IP's for broadband services	ASSIGNED PA	Oct 21, 2009	abuse@rt.ru via RU-RTK-20090203
└ 188.18.240.0/20	4,096	USI_ADSL_USERS	Dynamic distribution IP's for broadband services	ASSIGNED PA	Oct 21, 2009	abuse@rt.ru via RU-RTK-20090203
└ 188.19.0.0/20	4,096	USI_ADSL_USERS	Dynamic distribution IP's for broadband services	ASSIGNED PA	Oct 21, 2009	abuse@rt.ru via RU-RTK-20090203
└ 188.19.16.0/20	4,096	USI_ADSL_USERS	Dynamic distribution IP's for broadband services	ASSIGNED PA	Oct 21, 2009	abuse@rt.ru via RU-RTK-20090203
└ 188.19.32.0/20	4,096	USI_ADSL_USERS	Dynamic distribution IP's for broadband services	ASSIGNED PA	Oct 21, 2009	abuse@rt.ru via RU-RTK-20090203
└ 188.19.48.0/20	4,096	USI_ADSL_USERS	Dynamic distribution IP's for broadband services	ASSIGNED PA	Dec 2, 2009	abuse@rt.ru via RU-RTK-20090203
└ 188.19.64.0/20	4,096	USI_ADSL_USERS	Dynamic distribution IP's for broadband services	ASSIGNED PA	Jan 24, 2011	abuse@rt.ru via RU-RTK-20090203
└ 188.19.80.0/20	4,096	USI_ADSL_USERS	Dynamic distribution IP's for broadband services	ASSIGNED PA	Apr 8, 2011	abuse@rt.ru via RU-RTK-20090203
└ 188.19.96.0/20	4,096	USI_ADSL_USERS	Dynamic distribution IP's for broadband services	ASSIGNED PA	Feb 3, 2011	abuse@rt.ru via RU-RTK-20090203
└ 188.19.117.104/29	8	MGPI-MAGNITKA-RU	Magnitogorsk State University	ASSIGNED PA	Mar 23, 2012	abuse@rt.ru via RU-RTK-20090203
└ 188.19.118.0/24	256	USI_ADSL_USERS	Dynamic distribution IP's for broadband services	ASSIGNED PA	Jun 29, 2012	abuse@rt.ru via RU-RTK-20090203
└ 188.19.119.0/24	256	USI_ADSL_USERS	Dynamic distribution IP's for broadband services	ASSIGNED PA	Jun 29, 2012	abuse@rt.ru via RU-RTK-20090203
└ 188.19.120.0/24	256	USI_ADSL_USERS	Dynamic distribution IP's for broadband services	ASSIGNED PA	Jun 29, 2012	abuse@rt.ru via RU-RTK-20090203
└ 188.19.121.0/24	256	USI_ADSL_USERS	Dynamic distribution IP's for broadband services	ASSIGNED PA	Jun 29, 2012	abuse@rt.ru via RU-RTK-20090203
└ 188.19.122.0/24	256	USI_ADSL_USERS	Dynamic distribution IP's for broadband services	ASSIGNED PA	Jun 29, 2012	abuse@rt.ru via RU-RTK-20090203
└ 188.19.123.0 - 188.19.123.163	164	USI_ADSL_USERS	Dynamic distribution IP's for broadband services	ASSIGNED PA	Jun 29, 2012	abuse@rt.ru via RU-RTK-20090203
└ 188.19.128.0/21	2,048	MFIST_GD_NETWORK	unknown	ASSIGNED PA	Aug 19, 2011	abuse@rt.ru via RU-RTK-20090203
└ 188.19.136.0/21	2,048	USI_ADSL_USERS	Dynamic distribution IP's for broadband services	ASSIGNED PA	Dec 2, 2009	abuse@rt.ru via RU-RTK-20090203
└ 188.19.144.0/20	4,096	USI_ADSL_USERS	Dynamic distribution IP's for broadband services	ASSIGNED PA	Dec 2, 2009	abuse@rt.ru via RU-RTK-20090203
└ 188.19.160.0/20	4,096	USI_ADSL_USERS	Dynamic distribution IP's for broadband services	ASSIGNED PA	Dec 2, 2009	abuse@rt.ru via RU-RTK-20090203
└ 188.19.176.0/20	4,096	USI_ADSL_USERS	Dynamic distribution IP's for broadband services	ASSIGNED PA	Dec 2, 2009	abuse@rt.ru via RU-RTK-20090203
└ 188.19.192.0/20	4,096	USI_ADSL_USERS	Dynamic distribution IP's for broadband services	ASSIGNED PA	Dec 2, 2009	abuse@rt.ru via RU-RTK-20090203
└ 188.19.208.0/20	4,096	USI_ADSL_USERS	Dynamic distribution IP's for broadband services	ASSIGNED PA	Dec 2, 2009	abuse@rt.ru via RU-RTK-20090203
└ 188.19.224.0/20	4,096	USI_ADSL_USERS	Dynamic distribution IP's for broadband services	ASSIGNED PA	Dec 2, 2009	abuse@rt.ru via RU-RTK-20090203
└ 188.19.240.0/20	4,096	USI_ADSL_USERS	Dynamic distribution IP's for broadband services	ASSIGNED PA	Dec 2, 2009	abuse@rt.ru via RU-RTK-20090203

A contact marked “via” is the registry's: the record names none of its own, so the registry hands down its parent's.

Composition

The types across the prefix's announced space, by addresses.

Announced space

Address share

Announced space

Types across the prefix

262,144 addresses

Type	Addresses	Share	Ranges
Residential	261,519	>99%	101
Business	624	0.24%	52
VPNanonymizer	1	<0.01%	1

Network & registry

Announcement Routing history RPKI & IRR Whois & abuse

Origin network

AS12389

Name: PJSC Rostelecom
Type: Internet provider
Registered: Jul 1, 2005
Domain: rt.ru
Website: www.company.rt.ru/en/
Industry: Internet Service Provider (ISP)
Spamhaus ASN-DROP: not listed

RPKI

Route origin authorizations

ROA prefix	ASN	Max len	Anchor	Verdict
188.16.0.0/14	AS12389	/14	RIPE	RPKI valid

IRR

Route objects on the exact prefix

Origin	Registry	Description	Maintainer	Modified
AS12389	RIPE	Rostelecom networks	ROSTELECOM-MNT	Oct 30, 2018

IRR inside

Route objects inside

Prefix	Origin	Registry	Description	Maintainer	Modified
188.17.192.0/20	AS12389	RIPE	Rostelecom networks	ROSTELECOM-MNT	Oct 31, 2018
188.17.192.0/21	AS12389	RIPE		ROSTELECOM-MNT	Jun 21, 2025
188.17.200.0/21	AS12389	RIPE		ROSTELECOM-MNT	Jun 21, 2025
188.19.240.0/20	AS12389	RIPE	Rostelecom networks	ROSTELECOM-MNT	Oct 31, 2018

188.16.0.0/14

Residential-proxy exits

/24s with the most always-on exits

Proxy providers listing exits

Path

Operators, sellers and brokers

VPN services

Lineage

From the registry to its use

Announcements

More-specifics by size

Announcements inside

Registrations in this block

Composition

Address share

Types across the prefix

Network & registry

AS12389

Who has announced this prefix

Routing history

Route origin authorizations

Route objects on the exact prefix

Route objects inside

Registration for this announcement

Abuse contact